Our main kayayyakin: Amino silicone, block silicone, hydrophilic silicone, duk su silicone emulsion, wetting shafa fastness inganta, ruwa repellent (Fluorine free, Carbon 6, Carbon 8), demin wanke sinadarai (ABS, Enzyme, Spandex kariya, Manganese cire) ， Main fitarwa kasashen: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, T

 

Masana'antar monosodium glutamate, wanda kuma aka sani da surfactants, wani nau'in sinadari ne wanda, idan aka ƙara shi kaɗan, zai iya rage tashin hankali na ƙasa na sauran ƙarfi (yawanci ruwa) da canza yanayin yanayin tsarin; Lokacin da ya kai wani taro, yana samar da miceles a cikin maganin. Saboda haka, yana samar da wetting ko anti wetting, emulsification da demulsification, kumfa ko defoaming, solubilization, wankewa da sauran tasiri don saduwa da bukatun aikace-aikace masu amfani. Monosodium glutamate, a matsayin abu na umami, yana da yawa a cikin abincinmu da rayuwar yau da kullum. A cikin samar da masana'antu, surfactants abubuwa ne masu kama da monosodium glutamate, waɗanda ba sa buƙatar adadi mai yawa kuma suna iya samun sakamako na banmamaki. Wadannan abubuwa an fi sani da surfactants.

 

Gabatarwa zuwa Surfactants

 

Surfactants suna da tsarin kwayoyin halitta na zwitterionic: ƙarshen ɗaya shine ƙungiyar hydrophilic, an rage shi azaman ƙungiyar hydrophilic, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙungiyar oleophobic ko ƙungiyar oleophobic, wanda zai iya narkar da surfactants a cikin ruwa azaman monomers. Ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic galibi ƙungiyoyi ne na polar, waɗanda zasu iya zama ƙungiyoyin carboxyl (- COOH), ƙungiyoyin sulfonic acid (- SO3H), ƙungiyoyin amino (- NH2) ko ƙungiyoyin amino da gishiri. Ƙungiyoyin Hydroxyl (- OH), ƙungiyoyin amide, ether bonds (- O -), da dai sauransu na iya zama ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic polar; Ƙarshen ƙarshen shine ƙungiyar hydrophobic, an rage shi azaman ƙungiyar oleophilic, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙungiyar hydrophobic ko hydrophobic. Ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic yawanci sarƙoƙi na hydrocarbon ba na polar ba ne, irin su sarƙoƙin alkyl na hydrophobic R - (alkyl), Ar - (aryl), da sauransu.
An kasu kashi-kashi na surfactants zuwa ionic surfactants (ciki har da cationic da anionic surfactants), wadanda ba na ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, composite surfactants, da sauran surfactants.

A cikin wani bayani na surfactant, lokacin da maida hankali na surfactant ya kai wani ƙima, kwayoyin surfactant za su samar da nau'o'in oda da ake kira micelles. Micellization ko samuwar micelles wani abu ne na asali na mafita na surfactant, kuma wasu mahimman abubuwan mamaki na tsaka-tsaki suna da alaƙa da samuwar micelles. Matsakaicin abin da surfactants ke samar da micelles a cikin mafita ana kiransa Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Micelles ba ƙayyadaddun siffofi ba ne, amma a maimakon haka ba su da tsari sosai kuma suna canza siffofi. Ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, surfactants kuma na iya nuna yanayin juyi.

 

Babban abubuwan da ke tasiri mai mahimmanci na micelle

 

Tsarin surfactants
Ƙari da nau'ikan additives
Tasirin yanayin zafi

 

Ma'amala tsakanin surfactants da sunadarai

 

Sunadaran sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin da ba na polar, polar, da chaji ba, kuma yawancin ƙwayoyin amphiphilic suna iya hulɗa da sunadaran ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Surfactants na iya samar da haɗe-haɗe da aka ba da umarni na ƙwayoyin cuta tare da tsari daban-daban a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, kamar miceles, miceles na baya, da sauransu, kuma hulɗar su da sunadaran ma ta bambanta. Akwai yafi electrostatic da hydrophobic interactions tsakanin sunadarai da surfactants (PS), yayin da hulda tsakanin ionic surfactants da sunadarai ne yafi saboda electrostatic hulda da iyakacin duniya kungiyoyin da hydrophobic hulda da hydrophobic carbon hydrogen sarƙoƙi, wanda daure zuwa iyakacin duniya da hydrophobic sassa na sunadaran, bi da bi, forming PS hadaddun. Non ionic surfactants yawanci mu'amala da sunadaran ta hanyar hydrophobic sojojin, da kuma hulda tsakanin hydrophobic sarƙoƙi da hydrophobic kungiyoyin na sunadaran zai iya samun wani tasiri a kan tsari da kuma aiki na surfactants da sunadarai. Saboda haka, nau'in, maida hankali, da tsarin yanayin surfactants suna ƙayyade ko sun daidaita ko lalata sunadaran, tara ko tarwatsa.

 

HLB darajar surfactant

 

Don nuna ayyukan tsaka-tsaki na musamman, masu surfactants dole ne su kula da wani ma'auni tsakanin ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic da hydrophilic. HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) shine ma'aunin ma'auni na hydrophilic oleophilic na surfactants, wanda shine mai nuna alamar hydrophilic da hydrophobic Properties na surfactants.

Ƙimar HLB ita ce darajar dangi (tsakanin 0 da 40), irin su paraffin wax tare da darajar HLB = 0 (babu rukuni na hydrophilic), polyoxyethylene tare da darajar HLB na 20, da SDS tare da karfi mai karfi tare da darajar HLB na 40. Ana iya amfani da darajar HLB a matsayin ma'anar zabar surfactants. Mafi girman ƙimar HLB, mafi kyawun hydrophilicity na surfactant; Karamin ƙimar HLB, mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin ruwa na surfactant.
Babban aikin surfactants

 

Emulsification sakamako

Saboda tsananin tashin hankalin da ke cikin ruwa, idan aka zuba mai a cikin ruwan ana motsawa da ƙarfi, sai a niƙa man ya zama kyallaye masu kyau a gauraya da juna don yin emulsion, amma motsawar ya tsaya kuma a sake jera shi. Idan an ƙara surfactant kuma an motsa shi da ƙarfi, amma ba sauƙin rabuwa na dogon lokaci bayan tsayawa, wannan shine emulsification. Dalilin shi ne cewa hydrophobicity na man fetur yana kewaye da ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic na wakili mai aiki, suna samar da sha'awar jagoranci da rage aikin da ake buƙata don watsawar mai a cikin ruwa, yana haifar da kyakkyawan emulsification na man fetur.

 

Tasirin jika

Sau da yawa akwai wani Layer na kakin zuma, maiko, ko sikeli kamar sinadari da ke manne da saman sassan, waɗanda suke hydrophobic. Saboda gurbacewar wadannan abubuwa, saman sassan ba a saurin jika da ruwa. Lokacin da aka ƙara surfactants zuwa maganin ruwa mai ruwa, ɗigon ruwa a kan sassan suna sauƙin tarwatsawa, yana rage yawan tashin hankali na sassan da kuma cimma manufar wetting.

 

Tasirin solubilization

Bayan ƙara surfactants zuwa abubuwan mai, za su iya kawai "narke", amma wannan narkar da zai iya faruwa ne kawai lokacin da maida hankali na surfactants ya kai mahimmanci na colloid, kuma an ƙayyade solubility ta hanyar solubilizing abu da kaddarorin. Dangane da tasirin solubilization, dogon sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic gene sun fi ƙarfin gajerun sarƙoƙi, cikakkun sarƙoƙi sun fi ƙarfi fiye da sarƙoƙi marasa ƙarfi, kuma tasirin solubilization na surfactants marasa ionic gabaɗaya ya fi mahimmanci.

 

Tasirin watsawa

Ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi kamar ƙura da ƙazanta suna taruwa tare da sauƙi cikin ruwa. A kwayoyin surfactants iya raba m barbashi aggregates zuwa kananan barbashi, kyale su tarwatsa da kuma dakatar a cikin bayani, inganta uniform watsawa na m barbashi.

 

Ayyukan kumfa

Samuwar kumfa shine yafi saboda tallan shugabanci na wakili mai aiki da raguwar tashin hankali tsakanin iskar gas da ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ƙaramin wakili mai aiki yana da sauƙin kumfa, babban wakili mai aiki na ƙwayoyin cuta yana da ƙarancin kumfa, rawaya myristate yana da mafi girman kumfa, kuma sodium stearate yana da mafi munin kumfa. Wakilin mai aiki na Anionic yana da mafi kyawun kayan kumfa da kwanciyar hankali fiye da wakili mara aiki, kamar sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate yana da kayan kumfa mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na kumfa da aka saba amfani da su sun hada da aliphatic barasa amide, carboxymethyl cellulose, da dai sauransu.

 

Rarraba surfactants

 

Za'a iya raba abubuwan da ke sama zuwa cikin surfactants anionic, nonionic surfactants, surfactants zwitterionic, da cationic surfactants dangane da halayen tsarin kwayoyin su.

 

Anionic surfactant

Sulfonate
Abubuwan gama gari masu aiki na wannan nau'in sun haɗa da sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate da sodium alpha olefin sulfonate. Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, kuma aka sani da LAS ko ABS, fari ne ko kodadde rawaya foda ko flake m tare da mai kyau solubility a hadaddun surfactant tsarin. Yana da ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali ga alkali, dilute acid, da ruwa mai wuya. Yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin ruwan wanke-wanke (wankin wanke-wanke) da kuma wanki na ruwa, gabaɗaya ba a amfani da shi a cikin shamfu kuma ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a gel ɗin shawa ba. A cikin wankan wanke-wanke, adadin sa na iya yin lissafin kusan rabin adadin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na surfactants, kuma ainihin daidaitaccen kewayon sa a cikin kayan wanke-wanke na ruwa yana da faɗi sosai. Tsarin fili na yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wankan wanka shine tsarin ternary "LAS (alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium na layi) - AES (giya ether sulfate sodium) - FFA (alkyl barasa amide)". Shahararrun fa'idodin sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate sune kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, ƙarfin tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin lahani na muhalli, da ikon da za a lalata su cikin abubuwa marasa lahani a farashi mai sauƙi. Babban hasara shi ne cewa yana da kuzari sosai. Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, kuma aka sani da AOS, yana da narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa kuma yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali a kan ƙimar pH mai yawa. Daga cikin nau'ikan gishiri na sulfonic acid, aikin ya fi kyau. Fitattun fa'idodin sune kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, mai narkewar ruwa mai kyau, dacewa mai kyau, ƙarancin haushi, da ƙarancin ƙazantattun ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin shamfu da ruwan shawa. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa yana da ɗan tsada.

 

Sulfate
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun na irin wannan sun haɗa da sodium fatty barasa polyoxyethylene ether sulfate da sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium fatty barasa polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, kuma aka sani da AES ko sodium barasa ether sulfate.

Sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin shamfu, gel ɗin shawa, wankan ruwa na wanke-wanke (abun wanke-wanke), da kuma ruwan wanke-wanke. Solubility na ruwa ya fi sodium dodecyl sulfate kyau, kuma ana iya shirya shi cikin kowane nau'i na maganin ruwa mai haske a cikin zafin jiki. Aikace-aikacen sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate a cikin kayan wanka na ruwa ya fi yawa kuma yana da mafi dacewa fiye da na madaidaiciyar sarkar alkylbenzenesulfonate; Zai iya zama hade da surfactant da yawa a cikin binary ko kuma siffofin da yawa don samar da mafita mafi inganci a cikin zamani. Fitattun fa'idodin sune ƙananan hangula, kyakkyawan narkewar ruwa, dacewa mai kyau, da kyakkyawan aiki wajen hana bushewar fata, fatattaka, da ƙazanta. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa kwanciyar hankali a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na acidic ba shi da kyau, kuma ikon tsaftacewa ya yi ƙasa da sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate da sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, wanda kuma aka sani da AS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, da sodium lauryl sulfate foaming agent, ba shi da hankali ga alkali da ruwa mai wuya. Kwanciyarsa a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic yana ƙasa da na sulfates na gabaɗaya kuma kusa da na barasa mai fatty polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. Yana da sauƙin lalacewa kuma yana da ƙarancin lahani na muhalli. Lokacin amfani da kayan wanke ruwa, acidity bai kamata ya yi yawa ba; Yin amfani da ethanolamine ko ammonium salts a cikin shamfu da wankewar jiki ba zai iya ƙara ƙarfin acid kawai ba, amma kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage haushi. Sai dai kyawun kumfa mai kyau da ƙarfin tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi, aikinsa a wasu fannoni bai da kyau kamar na sodium barasa ether sulfate. Farashin na kowa anionic surfactants gabaɗaya ya fi girma.

 

Cationic surfactant

Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan surfactants daban-daban, cationic surfactants suna da mafi kyawun tasirin daidaitawa da tasirin bactericidal mafi ƙarfi, kodayake suna da lahani kamar ƙarancin tsaftacewa, ƙarancin kumfa, rashin daidaituwa mara kyau, rashin ƙarfi, da farashi mai girma. Cationic surfactants ba su dace da kai tsaye tare da surfactants anionic ba kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman magungunan kwantar da hankali ko fungicides kawai. Ana amfani da cationic surfactants a matsayin ƙarin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan wanka na ruwa (a matsayin ƙaramin sashi a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara) don samfuran mafi girma, galibi don shamfu. A matsayin mai daidaitawa bangaren wakili, ba za a iya maye gurbinsa da wasu nau'ikan surfactants a cikin babban shamfu na wanka na ruwa ba.

Nau'in cationic surfactants na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1631), octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14 S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone man, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), da dai sauransu.

 

Zwitterionic surfactant

Bipolar surfactants suna nufin surfactants waɗanda ke da ƙungiyoyin anionic da cationic hydrophilic. Saboda haka, waɗannan surfactants suna nuna kaddarorin cationic a cikin maganin acidic, abubuwan anionic a cikin mafita na alkaline, da kaddarorin da ba na ionic a cikin mafita mai tsaka tsaki. Bipolar surfactants suna da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, daɗaɗɗen acid da mafita na alkali, har ma a cikin madaidaicin mafita na gishirin inorganic. Suna da juriya mai kyau ga ruwa mai wuya, ƙananan ƙwayar fata, mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, kyawawan kaddarorin anti-static, sakamako mai kyau na bactericidal, da kuma dacewa mai kyau tare da surfactants daban-daban. Muhimman nau'ikan surfactants na amphoteric sun haɗa da dodecyl dimethyl betaine da carboxylate imidazoline.

 

Non-ionic surfactant

Non ionic surfactants suna da kyawawan kaddarorin irin su solubilization, wankewa, anti-static, ƙananan hangula, da watsawar sabulun calcium; Matsakaicin pH mai aiki ya fi na na gabaɗaya ion surfactants; Sai dai abubuwan lalata da kumfa, sauran kaddarorin galibi sun fi gabaɗaya surfactants anionic. Ƙara ƙaramin adadin da ba na ionic surfactant zuwa ionic surfactant zai iya ƙara yawan aikin saman tsarin (idan aka kwatanta tsakanin abun ciki mai aiki iri ɗaya). Babban nau'ikan sun haɗa da alkyl alcohol amides (FFA), fatty barasa polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), da kuma alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE ko OP).

Alkyl barasa amides (FFA) rukuni ne na surfactants marasa ionic tare da ingantaccen aiki, aikace-aikace masu fa'ida, da yawan amfani da yawa, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin kayan wanke-wanke daban-daban. A cikin kayan wanka na ruwa, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa tare da amides, tare da rabo na "2: 1" da "1.5: 1" (alkyl barasa amide: amide). Alkyl amides za a iya amfani da a gaba ɗaya ɗan acidic da alkaline detergents, kuma su ne mafi arha iri-iri na nonionic surfactants.

 

Aikace-aikace na surfactants

Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, musamman ci gaban masana'antar sinadarai da shiga cikin fannonin da ke da alaƙa, rawar da aikace-aikacen surfactants sun ƙara yaɗu da zurfi. Daga ma'adinai na ma'adanai da haɓakar makamashi, zuwa tasirin sel da enzymes, ana iya samun alamun surfactants. A zamanin yau, aikace-aikacen surfactants ba'a iyakance ga abubuwan tsaftacewa na wanka ba, abubuwan goge goge goge baki, kayan kwalliyar kwalliya da sauran masana'antar sinadarai na yau da kullun, amma ya bazu zuwa wasu wuraren samarwa kamar sinadarai na petrochemicals, haɓaka makamashi, da masana'antar harhada magunguna.

 

Hakar mai
A cikin hakar mai, yin amfani da maganin diluted ruwa na surfactants ko haɗaɗɗen mafita na masu ruwa da mai da ruwa na iya haɓaka dawo da ɗanyen mai da kashi 15% zuwa 20%. Saboda ikon surfactants don rage dankon bayani, ana amfani da su yayin hakowa don rage danyen mai da rage ko hana hatsarori. Hakanan yana iya yin tsoffin rijiyoyin da ba za su sake fesa mai ba.

Ci gaban makamashi
Surfactants kuma na iya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka makamashi. A halin da ake ciki yanzu na hauhawar farashin mai a duniya da kuma matsananciyar hanyoyin mai, samar da hadakar mai yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ƙara surfactants zuwa tsarin zai iya samar da sabon nau'in man fetur tare da babban aiki, wanda zai iya maye gurbin man fetur a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki. Ƙara emulsifiers zuwa gasoline, dizal, da mai mai nauyi ba kawai yana adana tushen mai ba, har ma yana inganta yanayin zafi da kuma rage gurɓataccen muhalli. Sabili da haka, surfactants suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban makamashi.

Masana'antar Yadi
Aikace-aikacen surfactants a cikin masana'antar yadi yana da dogon tarihi. Zaruruwan roba suna da nakasu kamar rashin ƙarfi, rashin isassun ƙullun, da lahani ga adsorption electrostatic na ƙura, da ƙarancin ɗanshi da jin daɗin hannu idan aka kwatanta da zaruruwan yanayi. Idan ana bi da su tare da na'urori na musamman na surfactants, waɗannan lahani a cikin zaruruwan roba za a iya inganta su sosai. Ana kuma amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su a matsayin masu laushi, magungunan antistatic, jika da masu shiga ciki, da emulsifiers a cikin masana'antar bugu da rini. Aikace-aikacen surfactants a cikin masana'antar bugu da rini yana da yawa sosai.

Tsabtace ƙarfe
Dangane da tsabtace karfe, kaushi na gargajiya sun haɗa da kaushi mai ƙarfi kamar man fetur, kananzir, da carbon tetrachloride. Bisa kididdigar da ta dace, yawan man fetur da ake amfani da shi wajen tsaftace sassan karfe a kasar Sin ya kai ton 500000 a kowace shekara. Abubuwan tsabtace ƙarfe na tushen ruwa waɗanda aka tsara tare da surfactants na iya ceton kuzari. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, ton daya na ma'aikatan tsaftace karfe na iya maye gurbin tan 20 na fetur, kuma za a iya amfani da ton daya na albarkatun man fetur don samar da tan 4 na ma'aunin tsaftace karfe, wanda ke nuna cewa surfactants suna da matukar muhimmanci wajen kiyaye makamashi. Ma'aikatan tsabtace ƙarfe tare da kayan aikin waje suma suna da halaye na kasancewa marasa guba, mara ƙonewa, mara gurɓata muhalli, da tabbatar da amincin ma'aikaci. An yi amfani da irin wannan nau'in ma'aunin tsabtace ƙarfe don tsaftace nau'ikan abubuwan ƙarfe daban-daban kamar injunan sararin samaniya, jirgin sama, bearings, da sauransu.

Masana'antar abinci
A cikin masana'antar abinci, surfactants sune abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin samar da abinci. Abincin surfactants suna da kyakkyawan emulsifying, wetting, anti sticking, adanawa, da tasirin flocculation. Saboda da musamman ƙari sakamako, shi zai iya sa kek crispy, kumfa abinci froth, burodi taushi, da kuma ko'ina tarwatsa da emulsify albarkatun kasa kamar wucin gadi man shanu, mayonnaise, da ice cream, wanda yana da musamman effects a kan inganta samar da tsari da kuma ciki ingancin kayayyakin.

Magungunan kashe qwari na noma su ne ruwaye na emulsion wanda, saboda tashin hankali na ruwa, suna da lahani na kasancewa da wahalar yaduwa yayin fesa ganyen shuka. Idan aka sanya surfactant a cikin maganin kashe kwari, mai surfactant zai iya rage tashin hankali na ruwan sama, wato, ruwan shafan ya rasa aikin sa, kuma za a iya yada ruwan gwari a cikin ganyen ganye, don haka tasirin kwari zai fi kyau.