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Masana'antu Monosodium mai glotodium, kuma ana kiranta Surfactants, wani nau'in abu ne da, lokacin da aka ƙara sosai a cikin adadi kaɗan (yawanci ruwa) kuma canza yanayin tsarin. Idan ya kai wani maida hankali, yana siffantuwar Mulosles a cikin mafita. Saboda haka, yana samar da bushe ko anti wetting, emulsification da dilulsification, kumfa ko lalata ko lalata, wankewa da sauran sakamako na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace. Monosodium yuttamate, a matsayin abu umami abu, bashi da tabbas a cikin abincinmu da rayuwar yau da kullun. A cikin masana'antu, abubuwan surfacts suna da kama da monosodium glutamate, wanda ba sa buƙatar adadi mai yawa kuma yana iya samun abubuwan banmamaki. Wadannan abubuwan sun fi dacewa a matsayin Surfactants.

 

Gabatarwa zuwa Surfactants

 

Surfactants suna da tsarin kwayoyin halittar Zwitterionic: Doundertendaya daga ciki shine kungiyar Hydrophilic, wacce aka killace ta a matsayin kungiyar Oleophobic ko Oleophobic, wanda zai iya soke Surfactants a cikin ruwa kamar yadda monomers. Kungiyoyin Hydrophilic sune galibi kungiyoyin polar, wanda zai iya zama ƙungiyoyi masu jan hankali (- Cooh), ƙungiyoyi na sulbonic acid (- NH2 (- - NH2 Groups (- NH2 Groups (- NH2 Groups (- NH2 (- NH2) ko salo. Kungiyoyin Hydroxyl (- Oh), 'Yan Upperungiyoyi, Eren Bade (- O -), da sauransu na iya zama polar Hydroilicungiyoyi; A ɗayan ƙarshen shine ƙungiyar hydrophobic, wanda aka taƙaita azaman ƙungiyar Oleophilic, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙungiyar hydrophobic ko hydrophobic. Kungiyoyin Hydrophobic yawanci ba-polar Hydrocarbon, irin su (Alkyl), Aryl), da sauransu.
Surfacts an kasu kashi-kashi na Iionic (ciki har da Surfin Cashiic da ANIONIC da ba su da wadataccen Surfacts, Surfacts Surfactants, da sauran surfactants, da sauran surfactants.

A cikin Surfactant bayani, lokacin da aka maida hankali da surfactant ya kai wani darajar, ƙwayoyin kwayoyin za su samar da abubuwan da aka ba da umarnin da ake kira Mogelles. Miclibation ko samuwar miceles dukiya ce ta mafita na mafita, da kuma wasu mahimman abubuwan da ke tsakaninmu suna da alaƙa da samuwar micelles. A maida hankali ne a wanne surfactants samar da miceles a cikin bayani ana kiranta mahimmancin tarihin micelle (CMC). Ba a tsayar da micherles ba, amma amma m m canzawa da kuma saurin canzawa siffofi. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, Surfacts na iya nuna jihar Micelle ta baya.

 

Babban abubuwan da suka shafi maida hankali na micelle

 

Tsarin Surfactants
Bugu da kari da nau'ikan ƙari
Tasirin zazzabi

 

Hulɗa tsakanin Surfactants da sunadarai

 

Sunadarai sun ƙunshi ba polar, Polar, da kuma cajin kungiyoyi, da kuma kwayoyin da yawa na ampilich za su iya yin hulda da sunadarai ta hanyoyi da yawa. Surfactants na iya samar da hadewar kwayoyin halitta tare da daban-daban daban-daban a karkashin yanayi daban-daban, kamar yadda miceles na baya tare da sunadarai suma sun bambanta. Akwai yawancin ma'amala da wutan lantarki da ke tsakanin su na ruwa da kuma surfacections da ke tattare da suttura na ƙwayoyin cuta, bi da bijirewa na sunadarai, bi da bijirewa na hydrophobic carbon da kuma hade, samar da PS Hydrophobobi na Surforants, bi da bi, forming ps hadaddun. Nonic suractants na zamani galibi suna hulɗa tare da sojojin Hydrophobic, da kuma ƙungiyoyin sunadarai na iya samun wani tasiri a kan tsari da kuma sunadarai. Sabili da haka, nau'in, taro, da yanayin tsarin surfactantsan wasan Surfactantsan wasan Surfactantsan Surfactantsan wasan Surfactantsan wasan Surfacts suna ƙayyade ko lalata sunadarai ko watsa su.

 

HLB darajar Surfactant

 

Don nuna wani aiki na musamman na Intfacial, Surfacts dole ne ya ci gaba da wani daidaituwa tsakanin kungiyoyin Hydrophobic da Hydrophilic. Balagurowar HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Lipophilic Lipophilic Lipophilic ya daidaita daidaito na Surfactants, wanda shine mai nuna alamun hydrophilic da hydrophobic na surfactants.

The HLB value is a relative value (between 0 and 40), such as paraffin wax with HLB value=0 (no hydrophilic group), polyoxyethylene with HLB value of 20, and SDS with strong hydrophilicity with HLB value of 40. The HLB value can be used as a reference for selecting surfactants. A mafi girman darajar HLB, mafi kyawun hydrophilicity na surfacalant; Karamin darajar HLB, mafi talauci na hydrophilicity na surfactant.
Babban aikin Surfactants

 

Tasirin Emulsification

Saboda babban tashin hankali na mai a ruwa, lokacin da aka jefa man a cikin ruwa kuma ya haɗu da juna don samar da emulsion, amma motsawa ya tsaya da yadudduka suna layered. Idan an ƙara surfactant kuma an zuga ƙarfi da ƙarfi, amma ba mai sauƙi ne don raba dogon lokaci bayan dakatarwa, wannan shine emulsification. Dalilin shi ne cewa hydrophobobiciity na mai yana kewaye da rukunin Hydrophilihilihilihilihilihilihilihilihilihilihilihilic mai aiki da rage aikin da ake buƙata ga watsawa da ake buƙata ga watsawa mai.

 

Weting sakamako

Akwai sau da yawa wani Layer na kakin zuma, maiko, ko sikelin kamar kayan abu da aka bibiyar saman sassan, waɗanda suke hydrophobic. Saboda gurbataccen gurbata wadannan abubuwa, farfajiya na sassan ba a sauƙaƙe ruwa. Lokacin da aka ƙara Surfactants zuwa ga mafi kyau bayani, ruwa droplets a kan sassan ana rarrabe shi cikin sauƙi, sosai a rage yanayin tashin hankali na sassan da kuma cimma manufar rigar

 

Solubilization sakamako

Bayan ƙara abubuwan sha ga abubuwan mai mai, amma wannan rushewar zai iya faruwa ne lokacin da aka tattara abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan maye, kuma kayan aikin ya ƙaddara ta hanyar narkewa. A cikin sharuddan sakamako na narkewa, sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin halittun na ruwa mai ƙarfi sun fi karfi fiye da sarƙoƙin da ba a sansu ba, da kuma lokacin Surfacts na ba ionic gaba ɗaya ne.

 

Watsawa tasiri

Sandattun barbashi kamar ƙura da ƙurar datti suna iya tattarawa a sauƙaƙe cikin ruwa. Kwayoyin halitta na Surfacts na iya raba adadin barbashi a cikin kananan barbashi, yana ba su damar watsa da dakatarwa cikin bayani, inganta ɗakataccen rafi na m barbashi.

 

Coam mataki

Samuwar kumfa shine galibi saboda adsoring na aiki na aiki da kuma rage tashin hankali tsakanin gas da matakai masu ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ƙarancin wakili mai aiki yana da sauƙi foam, babban wakili mai aiki yana da ƙasa kumfa mafi girma yana da mafi girman kayan kaɗawa. Wakili na aiki na ANIONION yana da mafi kyawun damfara da tsinkaye mai zaman kansa fiye da wakili na aiki, kamar Sodium alkylbenzene sasfium yana da ƙawata dukiya mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da kayan kwalliyar da aka saba sun hada da alkalin alkama, Carboxymose na Carboxulose, Etc.s, polyether, da sauransu da sauran su.

 

Rarrabuwa na surfactants

 

Za'a iya rarrabewa cikin Surfacts Surfactants, baƙon Surfacts, Zwitteronic Surfactants, da kuma hadiric Surficants dangane da halayen kwayoyin halitta.

 

Anionic Surfactant

Sulfarate
Jimolin masu aiki na yau da kullun na wannan nau'in sun haɗa da sodium layin tsami linear alkylbenzeneschonate da sodium alilefin sulfonate. Sodium Linear alkylbenzesulnate, wanda aka sani da Las ko Abs, farin rawaya foda ko flake mai kyau tare da ingantaccen solidy tsarin. Yana da in mun gwada da alkali zuwa alkali, tsarma acid, da ruwa mai wuya. Anyi amfani dashi a cikin ruwa mai wanki (abin shayarwa na wanka) da kayan wanka na wanki, ba a amfani da shi a cikin shamfu kuma ba a yi amfani da shi a cikin gel ɗin shawa ba. A cikin kayan wanki, sashi na iya lissafin kimanin rabin adadin surfactants, da ainihin kewayon daidaitawa na kayan wanka mai wanki yana da fadi. Tsarin mahalli na yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin bututun kayan wanki shine tsarin walst. Manyan fa'idodin sodium layin layi na alkylbenzenzbenzenesulnesultesultes duk da ingantaccen ikon muhalli, karamin karfi na muhalli, da ikon zama da amfani cikin abubuwa marasa lahani a karancin abubuwa. Sanannen irin laifi shine cewa yana da haɓaka sosai. Sodium Alfa Olefin sulfonate, wanda kuma aka sani da AOS, yana da matukar narkewa a ruwa kuma yana da kyakkyawar kwanciyar hankali akan ƙimar PHL. Tsakanin gishirin gishiri na sulfonic na sulfonic, aikin ya fi kyau. Mafi kyawun fa'idodi masu zaman lafiya ne mai kyau, kyawawan kayan ruwa, karfinsu mai kyau, ƙarancin tashin hankali, da kuma kyakkyawan lalata cuta. Yana daya daga cikin manyan surfactants yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin shamfu da shawa. Rashin kyawun shi shine ya zama mai tsada.

 

Sulle
Jimolin masu aiki na yau da kullun na wannan nau'in sun haɗa da sodium barasa barasa polyoxyethylenne Eter sulfate da sodium Dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium mai kitse barasa polyoxyethylene etherfate, wanda kuma aka sani da AES ko sodium bar giya na ether sulfate.

Sauki mai sauƙi a ruwa, ana iya amfani dashi a cikin shamfu, shawa, showyar gel, abin toshe ruwa), da wanki na wanki. Sanarwar ruwa ta fi so sodium decyl sulfate, kuma ana iya shirya shi cikin kowane rabo mai zurfin bayani a dakin zazzabi. Aikace-aikacen Sodium alkylbenzensulnate a cikin kayan girkin ruwa yana da yawa sosai kuma yana da mafi dacewa kuma yana da mafi kyawun jituwa fiye da na jerin sarkar alkyleneneschaffonate; Zai iya zama hade da surfactant da yawa a cikin binary ko kuma siffofin da yawa don samar da mafita mafi inganci a cikin zamani. Babban fa'idodi sun kasance ƙananan haushi, kyakkyawan karfin ruwa, dacewa mai kyau, kuma kyakkyawan aiki a cikin hana bushewar fata, fatalwa, da m. Rashin daidaituwa shine kwanciyar hankali a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na acidic ne dan kadan talauci, kuma ikon tsaftacewa ya fi na sodium layin tsami da sodium Dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium Dodecyl sulfate, wanda aka sani da shi, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, da sodium lauryl sulfate wakili wakili da ruwa mai wuya. Tsarin kwanciyar hankali a karkashin yanayin acidic ya ɓaci ga na janar sulfate da kusa da na barasa giya polyoxyethylene Eter sulfate. Yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma yana da lahani na muhalli. A lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan wanka na ruwa, kumburi kada ya yi yawa; Yin amfani da Etholamilline ko kuma salon amonium a cikin shamfu da kuma wanka jikin mutum ba zai iya karuwa kawai kwanciyar hankali ba, amma kuma taimaka rage rage rage zafin rai. Ban da kyawawan abubuwa masu kyau da ƙarfi mai tsabta, aikinsa a cikin sauran bangarori ba daidai ba ne kamar na sodium bar barasa ether sulfate. Farashin Surfacts na gama gari shine mafi girma gaba daya.

 

Cationic Surfactant

Compared with various types of surfactants, cationic surfactants have the most prominent adjustment effect and the strongest bactericidal effect, although they have disadvantages such as poor cleaning power, poor foaming ability, poor compatibility, high irritability, and high price. Cationic Surfactants ba ta dace da Surfacts kai tsaye ba kuma za a iya amfani da su azaman magunguna ko fungicides. Ana amfani da Surfintants na Cayin na yau da kullun azaman Surfactants na Appilary a cikin kayan wanka (a matsayin ƙaramin yanki a cikin tsari) don samfuran sa na sama, galibi don shamfu. A matsayinta na daidaitawa na wakili, ba za a iya maye gurbin wasu nau'ikan surfactant a cikin babban ruwa mai ruwa ba.

Nau'in nau'ikan Cationic na Cationic sun hada da chlorinlethonium chloride (1631), ocdenl dimemyl Amine Obicone (Ob-2), da sauransu.

 

Zwitteronic surfactant

Bipolar Surfacts koma zuwa Surfactants da ke da ƙungiyoyin anionic da hadirta da ƙungiyoyi na ruwa. Saboda haka, wadannan surfactants suna nuna kaddarorin cawanic a cikin mafita na acidic, kaddarorin anionic a cikin mafita, da kaddarorin da ba ionic a cikin mafita tsaka tsaki. Bipolalar Surfactants yana da sauƙi soculle cikin ruwa, mai da hankali acid da alkali hanyoyin, har ma da mafi kyawun mafita na kayan adon salts. Suna da kyakkyawan juriya ga ruwa mai wuya, frow fata mai laushi, masana'anta mai kyau, kyawawan abubuwan rigakafi, da ingantaccen tasiri tare da surfactants daban-daban. Mahimmin nau'in Surfactants sun haɗa da Dodecyl Dimeuthyl beedecyl dimetaine da carboxylate IMIDBALINE.

 

Rashin daidaituwa na Ionic

Abubuwan da ba su dace da su ba suna da kaddarorin da ke da kyau kamar su yadda ake so suyi, wanka, anti-static, m haushi; Yankin ph kewayon da ya fi fadi fiye da na Surfacts ionic; Banda fouthing da kumfa, sauran kaddarorin galibi suna da fifiko ga babban suruka na farko. Dingara wani karamin adadin Surfactant na ionic zuwa sionic surfactant na iya ƙara saman ayyukan tsarin (idan aka kwatanta tsakanin abu ɗaya mai aiki da abu guda). Babban iri sun hada da alkyl barasa a kai (FFA), mai shan giya polyoxyethylene Eherslphenol phesoxyethylene

Alkyl barasa a kai (FFA) ne na surfactantsan Surfacts, Wayoyi Aikace-aikace, da kuma yawan amfani da kayan girke-girke daban-daban. A cikin kayan wanka na ruwa, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a hade tare da kai, tare da rabo na "2: 1" da "1.5: 1" (Alkylasa). Alkyl giya a za a iya amfani da shi gaba daya dan kadan acid dan kadan da alkaline, kuma sune mafi arha iri-iri na abubuwan da ba su dace ba.

 

Aikace-aikace na surfactants

Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, musamman ci gaban masana'antar ta sinadarai da kuma shigarwar da ke dangantawa, rawar da aikace-aikacen Surfactants sun ƙara yawan yaduwa da zurfin zurfafa. Daga ma'adanin ma'adanai da ci gaba da makamashi, zuwa sakamakon sel da enzymes, ana iya samun burbushi na surfactants. A zamanin yau, aikace-aikacen Surfactants ba su iyakance ga wakilan tsabtatawa na wanke ba, wakilai na kwastomomi, ci gaban makamashi na yau da kullun, ci gaban makamashi, da masana'antar masana'antu.

 

Hakar mai
A cikin hakar mai, amfani da mafita mafita na surfactant ko mai da hankali gauraye na Surfactants da ruwa da ruwa na iya ƙara murmurewa mai da ruwa 15% zuwa 20%. Saboda ƙarfin surfactants don rage yawan danko, ana amfani dasu yayin hakowar turare dan ma'awarar mai. Hakanan yana iya yin tsoffin rijiyoyin da suka daina fesa mai mai fesa.

Ci gaban makamashi
Surfactants na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makamashi. A halin da ake ciki na yanzu na hauhawar farashin mai duniya da kyamayil masu kyau, bunƙasa mai mai mai yana da mahimmancin gaske. Dingara surfactants zuwa tsarin na iya samar da sabon nau'in mai tare da babban gudawa, wanda zai iya maye gurbin fetur a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki. Dingara emulsifiers zuwa fetur, dizal, da mai da mai nauyi ba kawai yana adana hanyoyin mai ba, har ma yana inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma rage gurbata muhalli. Saboda haka, Suctantants suna da mahimmanci don ci gaban makamashi.

Masana'antu mai ɗora
Aikace-aikacen Surfactants a cikin masana'antar da aka nashi yana da dogon tarihi. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na roba suna da rarrabuwar hankali kamar m, saukin kamuwa da rashin ƙarfi, da kuma jin danshi yana tunanin zarafi na halitta. Idan aka bi da su tare da surfactants na musamman, waɗannan lahani a cikin 'yan gudun hijirar na roba za a iya inganta sosai. Hakanan ana amfani da Surfactants azaman mayafa, wakilai masu adawa da reting da kuma shiga jami'ai, da emulsifiers a cikin buga bugawa da masana'antar fyade. Aikace-aikacen Surfactants a cikin rubutun buga rubutu da masana'antar fa'ida sosai.

Tsabtatawa na karfe
A cikin sharuddan tsabtatawa na ƙarfe, abubuwan da ke tattare da gargajiya sun hada da abubuwan kwayoyin cuta, kerosene, da carbon tetrachlorlloride. A cewar ƙididdigar da suka dace, yawan fetur da aka yi amfani da shi don tsabtace sassan karfe a China yana da girma kamar tan 500000 a kowace shekara. Ruwa na ruwa na tsabtace karfe da aka kirkira tare da surfactants na iya ajiye makamashi. A cewar lissafin, ton daya daga cikin tsabtace tsabtace karfe na iya maye gurbin tan 20 na mashin mai, wanda ke nuna cewa mahimmancin tsaftacewa a cikin kiyaye makamashi. Maɓallin tsabtatawa na karfe tare da surfactort na waje ma suna da halayen kasancewa masu guba, marasa wuta, mara shayarwa ga zaman lafiya. Wannan nau'in mai tsabtace ƙarfe an yi amfani da shi don tsabtace nau'ikan kayan ƙarfe daban-daban kamar injunan Aerospace, jirgin sama, da sauransu.

Masana'antar abinci
A cikin masana'antar abinci, surfactantsan wasan kwaikwayo masu yawa suna amfani da abubuwa masu yawa a cikin samar da abinci. Abincin Abinci suna da kyakkyawan emulsifing, wetting, anti m, antion, da tasirin goji. Saboda tasirin ƙara na musamman, zai iya yin crispy crispy, kumfa mai froth, gurasa mai laushi, wanda mayafi, wanda mayafi na musamman akan inganta tsarin samarwa da ingancin samfurori.

Bayanan wasan gona na tururuwa sune taya mai ɗaukar ruwa wanda, saboda tashin hankali na ruwa, saboda rashin amfani da kasancewa da wahala yaduwar tsire-tsire. Idan an ƙara Surfactant zuwa maganin maganin magungunan qushinta, Surfactant na iya rage tashin tashin hankali na ruwa, da kuma ruwan sama yana rasa a kan ganyen ganye, don haka tasirin kwari zai zama mafi kyau.