Our main kayayyakin: Amino silicone, block silicone, hydrophilic silicone, duk su silicone emulsion, wetting shafa fastness inganta, ruwa repellent (Fluorine free, Carbon 6, Carbon 8), demin wanka sunadarai (ABS, Enzyme, Spandex kariya, Manganese cire)

Tun lokacin da suka shiga cikin samar da masana'antu a cikin 1940s, an yi amfani da surfactants sosai kuma ana yaba su a matsayin "MSG na masana'antu." Kwayoyin halitta na surfactant suna da halayen amphiphilic, suna ba su damar taruwa a saman a cikin mafita mai ruwa, suna canza kaddarorin bayani sosai. Dangane da rabon hydrophilic zuwa sassan hydrophobic da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, surfactants suna nuna kaddarorin daban-daban. Suna da kewayon halaye na physicochemical, gami da watsawa, wetting ko anti-sticking, emulsification ko demulsification, kumfa ko defoaming, solubilization, wankewa, adanawa, da tasirin antistatic. Waɗannan mahimman kaddarorin suna da mahimmanci don rini na yadi da sarrafa su. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa sama da nau'ikan surfactants sama da 3,000 ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antar yadi, wanda ke da mahimmanci a duk matakan samarwa, gami da tace fiber, kadi, saƙa, rini, bugu, da ƙarewa. Matsayin su shine haɓaka ingancin masaku, inganta aikin saƙa, da rage lokutan sarrafawa; don haka, surfactants suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga masana'antar yadi.

 

1. Aikace-aikace na Surfactants a cikin Yadi Industry

 

1.1 Tsarin Wankewa

A cikin tsarin wanke kayan aiki na kayan aiki, yana da mahimmanci don la'akari ba kawai tasirin wankewa ba har ma da laushi na masana'anta da abubuwan da za su iya ɓacewa. Sabili da haka, ci gaba da sababbin surfactants waɗanda ke ba da ingantaccen tsaftacewa mai kyau yayin kiyaye laushi da kwanciyar hankali na masana'anta ya zama babban mahimmanci na binciken surfactant a yau. Tare da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da kariyar muhalli da tsauraran shingen takaddun shaida na muhalli na duniya da ke fuskantar fitar da masaku zuwa waje, haɓaka ingantattun abubuwa, rashin jin haushi, da sauƙi na tsabtace muhalli ya zama batun gaggawa a cikin masana'antar saka.

1.2 Gyaran Rini

Surfactants suna aiki da ayyuka da yawa, suna aiki duka a matsayin masu rarraba rini da kuma matsayin wakilai masu daidaita rini. A halin yanzu, anionic surfactants ana amfani dasu da farko azaman masu rarrabawa, gami da naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates da lignin sulfonates. Nonionic surfactants kamar nonylphenol ethoxylates ana haɗe su da sauran nau'ikan surfactants. Cationic da zwitterionic surfactants suna da wasu iyakoki a aikace-aikace. Kamar yadda sabbin fasahohin rini, irin su rini na microwave, rini na kumfa, bugu na dijital, da rini na ruwa mai mahimmanci, balagagge, buƙatun wakilai masu daidaitawa da masu rarraba sun zama masu buƙata.

1.3 Masu Taushi

Kafin yin rini da gamawa, galibi ana yin gyaran gyare-gyare kamar ƙwannafi da bleaching, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi. Don ba da hannu mai ɗorewa, santsi, mai laushi, abubuwan sassauƙa—waɗanda yawancin su ne surfactants — wajibi ne. An dade ana amfani da ma'aikatan laushi masu laushi na Anionic amma suna fuskantar ƙalubale a cikin adsorption saboda mummunan cajin fibers a cikin ruwa, yana haifar da raunin laushi. Wasu nau'ikan sun dace don amfani a cikin mai yadi azaman abubuwan sassauƙa, gami da sulfosuccinate da man castor sulfated.

Magunguna masu laushi na nonionic suna haifar da jin daɗin hannu kamar na anionic ba tare da haifar da launin rini ba; za a iya amfani da su tare da anionic ko cationic masu laushi masu laushi amma suna da ƙarancin tallan fiber da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Ana amfani da su da farko a bayan ƙarewar fibers na cellulosic kuma azaman sassauƙa da sassauƙa a cikin ma'aunin mai na fiber na roba. Azuzuwa irin su pentaerythritol fatty acid esters da sorbitan fatty acid esters suna da mahimmanci, suna rage ƙimar juzu'i don cellulosic da fibers na roba.

Cationic surfactants suna nuna ɗauri mai ƙarfi tare da zaruruwa daban-daban, suna jure zafi kuma suna jure wa wanka, suna ba da wadata da taushin hannu. Har ila yau, suna ba da kaddarorin antistatic da sakamako masu kyau na ƙwayoyin cuta, suna mai da su mafi mahimmanci kuma masu amfani da laushi masu laushi. Yawancin cationic surfactants sune mahadi masu ɗauke da nitrogen, yawanci gami da gishirin ammonium na kwata. Daga cikin su, dihydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium mahadi sun fito ne don ingantaccen aikin su na laushi, suna samun kyakkyawan sakamako tare da kawai 0.1% zuwa 0.2% amfani, ban da wetting da ayyukan antistatic, kodayake suna da girma kuma suna haifar da ƙalubale na biodegradation. Wani sabon ƙarni na samfuran kore yawanci ya ƙunshi surfactants tare da ester, amide, ko ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl waɗanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke iya lalata su cikin sauƙi zuwa acid fatty, don haka rage tasirin muhalli.

1.4 Ma'aikatan Antistatic

Don kawar da ko hana tsayayyen wutar lantarki da aka samar a lokacin matakai daban-daban na yadudduka da kuma a cikin tsarin kammala masana'anta, ana buƙatar wakilai na antistatic. Babban aikin su shine ba da riƙe danshi da kaddarorin ionic zuwa filayen fiber, rage kaddarorin rufewa da haɓaka aiki don kawar da caji da kawar da ko hana tsayayyen wutar lantarki. Daga cikin surfactants, anionic antistatic jamiái ne mafi bambancin. Sulfated mai, fatty acids, da high-carbon m barasa iya samar da antistatic, softening, lubrication, da emulsifying Properties. Alkyl sulfates, musamman ammonium salts da ethanolamine salts, suna da tasirin antistatic mafi girma.

Bugu da ƙari, alkylphenol ethoxylate sulfates sun bambanta tsakanin anionic antistatic jamiái don kyakkyawan aikin su. Gabaɗaya, cationic surfactants ba kawai magungunan antistatic masu tasiri ba amma kuma suna ba da kyawawan kaddarorin lubricating da mannewar fiber. Abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun haɗa da yuwuwar canza launin rini, rage saurin haske, rashin jituwa tare da masu surfactants anionic, lalata ƙarfe, yawan guba, da haushin fata, yana iyakance amfani da su galibi zuwa masana'anta maimakon abubuwan mai. Cationic surfactants amfani da matsayin antistatic jamiái da farko sun ƙunshi quaternary ammonium mahadi da fatty acid amides. Zwitterionic surfactants, irin su betaines, suna ba da sakamako mai kyau na antistatic da lubrication, emulsifying, da kaddarorin watsawa.

Nonionic surfactants suna nuna ƙarfin riƙe danshi kuma sun dace da ƙananan yanayin zafi na zaruruwa. Yawanci ba sa shafar aikin rini kuma suna iya daidaita danko a kan kewayon faffadan, suna gabatar da ƙarancin guba da ƙarancin haushin fata, wanda ke sauƙaƙe amfani da su azaman mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin mai - galibi mai ethoxylates barasa da fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters.

1.5 Masu shiga ciki da Ma'aikatan Wetting

Masu shigar da ruwa da masu jika abubuwan ƙari ne waɗanda ke haɓaka saurin jike fiber ko saman masana'anta tare da ruwa da sauƙaƙe shigar ruwa cikin tsarin fiber. Abubuwan da ke ba da izinin ruwa don kutsawa ko hanzarta shigar ruwa cikin daskararru ana kiransa masu shiga. Shiga ya dogara ne akan isassun jikewa na farko. Jika yana nufin matakin da ruwa ke yaɗuwa a kan ƙaƙƙarfan wuri idan aka tuntuɓa. Don haka, ana amfani da masu shiga da jiƙa ba wai kawai a cikin hanyoyin jiyya ba kamar desizing, tafasa, mercerizing, da bleaching amma har ma a cikin bugu da ƙarewa.

Siffofin da ake buƙata na masu shiga ciki da masu jika sun haɗa da: 1) juriya ga ruwa mai wuya da alkali; 2) ƙarfin shiga mai ƙarfi don rage lokacin aiki; 3) gagarumin cigaba na capillarity na yadudduka da aka bi da su. Cationic surfactants ba su da dacewa a matsayin wakilai masu jika saboda suna iya shiga cikin zaruruwa kuma suna hana jika. Zwitterionic surfactants suna da wasu iyakoki a aikace-aikace. Saboda haka, surfactants da ake amfani da su azaman masu shiga da jika sun fi ƙunshi anionic da nonionic surfactants. Bugu da ƙari, ana kuma amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar yadi a matsayin wakilai masu tacewa, emulsifiers, masu kumfa, masu santsi, masu gyarawa, da masu hana ruwa.

Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) wani bio-surfactant ne wanda aka haɗa daga barasa mai kitse na halitta da glucose wanda aka samo daga albarkatun da ake sabuntawa. Wani sabon nau'i ne na nonionic surfactant tare da cikakken aiki, yana haɗa kaddarorin duka nonionic da anionic surfactants na al'ada. An san shi a duniya a matsayin fifikon aikin surfactant na aikin "kore", wanda ke da babban aikin saman, kyakkyawan amincin muhalli, da narkewa.