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Tunda shigowar su a cikin masana'antar masana'antu a cikin 1940s an yi amfani da su sosai kuma an yabe su azaman "Msg na masana'antu." Kwakwalwar Surfactant suna da halaye marasa inganci, suna ba da su don tarawa a saman hanyoyin ruwa, yana da alaƙa da musayar abubuwan. Ya danganta da rabo daga hydrophilic zuwa hydrophobic sgums da tsarin kwayar halitta, surfactants suna nuna kaddarorin daban-daban. Suna da kewayon halaye na ilimin kimiya, gami da watsawa, reting ko anti-m, emulsification ko dillosification, prululilzation, wankewa, da kuma kiyayewa, da kuma adanawa, da kuma kiyayewa, da etistating sakamako. Wadannan kaddarorin na asali suna da mahimmanci ga dyeing da ruɗi da aiki. Turawan ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa ana amfani da su sama da nau'ikan surface 3,000 a cikin masana'antar samarwa, wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin samarwa, ciki har da sake fasalin samarwa, ciki har da gyaran samarwa, da rigar fiber, da aka saƙa, da kuma ƙarewa. Matsalar su ita ce inganta ingancin samarwa, inganta ayyukan saƙa na yarns, kuma gajarta lokacin aiki; Don haka, surfactantsan wasan kwaikwayo suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga masana'antar masana'anta.

 

1. Aikace-aikacen Surfactants a cikin masana'antar yanayi

 

1.1 Tsarin wanka

A cikin Wanke tsari na samarwa, yana da mahimmanci don la'akari da ba kawai sakamako ba kawai har ma da juyayi na masana'antu. Saboda haka, ci gaban sabon surfactants wanda ke samar da kyakkyawan tsabtatawa da kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali na masana'antu ya zama mabuɗin bincike na Surfactant a yau. Tare da ƙara wayar da kan kariyar muhalli da kuma ka'idojin tsarin muhalli na duniya da ke fuskantar wuraren fitarwa, haɓaka mai ɗorewa, mai sauƙi, da sauƙi a cikin masana'antar gaggawa.

1.2 Guraye sarrafa

Surfactants suna bauta wa matsayin da yawa, aiki duka biyu kamar abubuwan watsawa don abubuwan sarrafa fenti kuma a matsayin wakilai matakan da aka bushe. A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da Surfacts da farko a matsayin watsawa, gami da sphthalene-formaldehyde condensates da kuma lignarin sulfonates da kuma lignarin sulfonates. Mahaifiyar da ba ta dace ba kamar Nonylphenol Ethoxylings galibi ana kamuwa da wasu nau'ikan surface. Cayinic da Zwitteryant suna da wasu iyakoki a aikace-aikace. A matsayin sababbin fasahar ruwa, kamar dyeing, kumfa doyi, dijital, da kuma matattarar ruwa na dijital, da watsawa sun zama mafi wuya.

1.3 wakilai masu laushi

Kafin cin abinci da kammalawa, matattara yawanci suna ɗaukar maganganu kamar yin amfani da bleaching, wanda zai haifar da ji da hannu mai wuya. Don haɓaka mai dorewa, santsi, da laushi mai laushi, wakilan laushi-yawancin su ne Surfactants - wajibi ne. Anyi amfani da wakilan launin ruwan kasa na dogon lokaci amma suna fuskantar kalubale a Adsorction saboda caji mara kyau game da zargin a cikin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da rauni mai yawa. Wasu nau'ikan suna dacewa da amfani a cikin mai na talauci kamar yadda aka gyara masu laushi, gami da sulfosucacate man.

Wakilan masu kyau na gari da ke fitowa hannu suna kama da kama da waɗanda suka dace ba tare da haifar da ɓarnar rana ba; Ana iya amfani dasu tare da wakilan kwalliya ko na cāptening amma suna da talauci na fiber na ƙasa da ƙarancin ƙura. An yi amfani da su da farko a cikin ƙarshen cin zarafin sel kuma kamar kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya a cikin jami'an mai roba. Azuzuwan irin na kitse na Pentaerrithol acters da sittin acid acid suna da mahimmanci, suna rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta da na roba.

Cationic Surfacts sun nuna karfi daurin da yawa, suna da zafi-resistant kuma suna tsayayya da wankewa, samar da hannu mai arziki da laushi ji. Sun kuma ba su kayan aikin rigakafi da tasirin maganin rigakafi, yana sa su mafi mahimmanci kuma ana amfani da su sosai. Mafi yawan Siractants na Cationic sune mahaɗan nitrogen-mai dauke da abubuwa, wanda ya saba ciki har da nazarin ammonium. Daga gare su, Dihydroxyethyl Quainterternary Amonium Amonumum Amonium Amoniyus ya fita don yin amfani da aikinsu na yau da kullun tare da ayyuka na antis, kodayake suna da girma kuma kodayake suna da girma da kuma sanya kalubalen ƙaƙƙarfan ra'ayi. Wani sabon ƙarni na samfuran kore yawanci ya ƙunshi Surfactants da ESTERGANYLBISLOBISMISMS CIGABA DA CIKIN SAUKI A CIKIN SAUKI.

1.4

Don cirewa ko hana wutar lantarki da aka kirkira yayin aiwatar da ɗimbin matakai daban-daban kuma a cikin tsarin gama gari, ana buƙatar wakilan masu juna sani. Babban aikinsu shine a nuna danshi mai riƙe da danshi zuwa saman fiber, rage infating wutar lantarki. Daga cikin Surfactants, Temport Tements sune mafi bambancin. Kyakkyawan mai, acid mai kitsen, da kuma kitse mai kitse na carbon na iya samar da antistatic, taushi, lubrication, lubrication, da emulsionessing. Alkyl sulfates, musamman salon salts da kuma salts da ethanolamiline mai gishiri, suna da ingantacciyar inganci.

Haka kuma, alkylphenol ethoxylate ya tsaya a waje a cikin wakilai na unistatic antistatic don kyawawan ayyukan su. Gabaɗaya, Cationic Surfants ne ba kawai enistatantattun masana istatic ba amma kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan kayan ɗalibin da na fiber na fiber. Rauninsu sun haɗa da menu na Dye, Rage Flouthing, Incromptivity tare da Anionic Surfactants, da kuma haushi mai guba, da kuma haushi mai guba, da kuma lalata guba, da kuma lalata guba, da kuma lalata guba, da kuma lalata abubuwan maye, da kuma iyakance masu amfani da su maimakon jami'an mai. Cationic Surfacts amfani da wakilai masu antsatic da farko sun kunshi QuaAysary na amonium da kitse mai yawa. Zwitteronic surfactants, kamar Benu Naims, suna ba da ingantaccen sakamako da lubrication, emulsify, da watsawa da abubuwan da keɓaɓɓe.

Mahaifun da ba ya nuna suna nuna mai riƙe danshi mai ƙarfi kuma sun dace da yanayin ƙarancin zafi na zaruruwa. Birani yawanci ba sa tasiri ga aiwatarwar rana kuma suna iya daidaita danko mai zurfi a cikin mai maye gurbinsu da ƙarancin mai-kitse-ethelylene glycol.

1.5 Inetrants da Wakoki

Shafukan da ke tattare da iso masu bushewa sune abubuwan da suka inganta daga fiber da ke fitowa da ruwa da kuma saukaka azabar ruwa a cikin tsarin fiber. Surfacts wanda ke ba da damar ruwa don shiga ko hanzarta shigar azzakari cikin ruwa zuwa cikin daskararru masu narkewa. Penetration ne ya ci gaba da isasshen rigar farko da farko. Weting yana nufin matakin da ruwa ke shimfida ruwa a kan wani surface a kan lamba. Saboda haka, shigarwar hannu da kuma masu wanki suna amfani da shi ba kawai a cikin aiwatar da shirye-shiryen magance kamar yadda ake so, tafasa ba amma kuma bleaching amma kuma yadu a cikin bugu da kuma tafiyar matakai.

Halayen da ake buƙata na shigarwar shiga da wakilai masu wanki sun haɗa da: 1) jure zuwa ruwa mai wahala da alkali; 2) karfi da shigar shigar ciki ga gajarta lokacin aiki; 3) Muhimmancin cigaba da capillarity na da aka bi da bi. Cationic Surfacts ba su dace ba kamar yadda wakilai masu wanki domin suna iya adasorb a kan zaruruwa da hana shafa shafa. Zwitteronic Surfactantants suna da wasu iyakoki a aikace-aikace. Saboda haka, da Surfactant da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin fannonin shiga da kuma wungiyoyi masu wanki suna ƙunsar da suratun anionic da baƙon abu. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da Surfactants a cikin masana'antu, emulsifiers, wakilan masu laushi, wakilai masu kyau, da kuma masu da hankali.

Alkyl polyglucoside (apg) wani yanki ne mai rikitarwa daga abubuwan sha na na kasa da glucose wanda aka samo daga albarkatun mai sabuntawa. Wani sabon nau'i na naka ne da cikakken aiki, hada kadarorin biyu na al'ada noonic da anionic surfaceants. An gane shi a ƙasƙantar da ta duniya kamar yadda aka fi so "Green" Surfactant mai aiki, wanda aka san shi da babban aiki, aminci mai kyau, da kuma sociility.