Gabaɗaya, lokaci ɗaya na emulsion ruwa ne ko mafi zurfin bayani, wanda ake kira mai ruwa mai ruwa; Sauran lokaci shine yanki na kwayoyin da ke lalata da ruwa, wanda aka sani da tsarin.

1, rarrabuwa

Hanyoyi guda uku:

1. Classified ta hanyar: samfuran halitta da samfuran roba;

2. Cigaba da nauyin kwayoyin: low kwayoyin nauyi emulsifiers (C10-C20) da kuma babban kwayoyin kwayar cutar emulsifiers (CLUB Dubawa);

3. A cewar shin shin zai iya ionized a cikin mafita mai ruwa, ana iya rarrabu zuwa ionic nau'in (naku, cations, da kuma tsinkaye da kuma ionic.

Wannan hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita mafi yawanci ana amfani da ita.

 

2, aikin da kuma ka'idar emulsifiers

Babban aikin emulsifiers shine rage tashin hankali na ruwa biyu da ake cutar dashi. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake amfani da Surfactants azaman emulsifiers, ƙarshen ƙarshen groadrophobic na ruwa mai ruwa (kamar mahaɗan hydrophilihili ne zuwa ga ruwa. Surfactants ana tsara su a saman barbashi na ruwa don samar da jan hankali na kayan aiki tsakanin matakai, da kuma inganta rikicewa na juna don samar da emulsions.

A maida hankali ne na surfactant yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan ƙarfin abin rufe fuska na fuska. Tare da babban taro, akwai da yawa surefactant colefules Adsorbed a kan dubawa, samar da wani m da m dubawa da karfi da fuska mashin fuska.

Daban-daban emulsifiers suna da tasirin emulsification daban-daban, kuma adadin da ake buƙata don cimma kyakkyawan tasirin Emulsal-tasirin ma ya bambanta. Gabaɗaya magana, mafi girma kwayar cutar kwayar cutar emulsifier wanda ke haifar da madaurin bayyanar fuska, mafi girma fim ɗin, kuma mafi tsayayyen ruwan shafa fuska; A akasin wannan, ƙaramin ƙarfin, ƙananan ƙarfin fim, da kuma more m da emulsion.

Lokacin da akwai kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta kamar giya mai shan giya, mai da mai acid da mai, ƙarfin membrane yana inganta mahimmancin membrane. Wannan saboda kwayoyin kwayoyin emulsifier suna hulɗa tare da barasa powular, acid da kuma amine, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfi na abin rufe fuska.

Mai emulsifier ya ƙunshi surfacts sama da biyu sune gauraye emulsifier. Saboda ingantacciyar hulɗa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, tashin hankali yana raguwa sosai, adadin emulsifier addored, da kuma yawa da ƙarfin kafa abin rufe fuska na fuska fuska mask ƙura.

A lokacin samuwar emulsion, tashin hankali hade tsakanin man da ruwa yana raguwa sosai saboda halartar surfactants, kuma ya zama mai tsayayye emulsion. Koyaya, har yanzu tashin hankali na ruwa mai ruwa a cikin emulsion wanda ba zai iya isa sifili ba saboda ƙuntatawa na CMC ko Slitility. Saboda haka, ruwan shafa fuska ne mai amfani da hankali.

Harkokin rikitarwa tsakanin man da ruwan micro emulsion ya rage sosai cewa ba za a iya auna shi ba. Tsarin zafin jiki ne mai kauri. Ana samun wannan mafi yawan ta ƙara nau'in Surfactant tare da ingantattun kayan maye, wanda zai iya ƙara rage tashin hankali na ciki zuwa ƙaramin matsayi, wanda zai iya ƙara rage tashin hankali na ciki zuwa ƙaramin matsayi, wanda zai iya ci gaba da rage tashin hankali mai kyau, wanda zai iya ƙara rage tashin hankali na ciki zuwa ƙaramin aiki, wanda zai iya ƙara rage yawan tashin hankali mai zurfi, wanda zai iya ƙara rage tashin hankali na ciki zuwa ƙaramin aiki, wanda zai iya ƙara rage tashin hankali na ciki zuwa ƙaramin aiki, wanda zai iya ƙara rage tashin hankali na ciki zuwa ƙaramin aiki, wanda zai iya ci gaba da rage yawan tashin hankali. Ana iya bayanin wannan ta hanyar Gibbs 'Adsorption na daidaitawa don tsarin haɗin da yawa.

 

3, nau'in emulsion

Iri

Emulsion gama gari, lokaci guda shine ruwa ko mafi zurfin bayani, kuma ɗayan yana da matsala da ruwa, kamar maiko, kakin zuma, da sauransu.

(a) man cikin nau'in ruwa (o'W)
(e) Milk Still (W / O / W)
(b) man ruwa (w / o)

(1) mai / ruwa (0 / w) emulsion, watsawa cikin ruwa. Man shine lokaci mai tarwatsa lokaci (lokaci na ciki), kuma ruwa ne mai ci gaba mai da ruwa (yanayin waje) cikin ruwa emulsion, wanda za'a iya narkar da ruwa. Kamar madara, madara soya, da sauransu.

(2) Ruwa / Man (W / 0) emulsion, ruwa tarwatsa a cikin mai. Ruwa na lokaci ne da aka watsa (lokaci na ciki) da mai ci gaba ne na ci gaba (yanayin waje) na ruwa a cikin emulsion. Wannan nau'in emulsion za a iya narkar da mai. Kamar man shanu na wucin gadi, mai mai, da sauransu.

(3) Zabi mai siffa emulsions, da aka kirkira ta hanyar musayar ruwa na ruwa da ruwa da ruwa da aka watsa shi a cikin ruwa na 0 / w / 0 (watau yawan emulsion yana da wuya kuma a cikin man emulsion kuma yana cikin mai mai.

 

Hanyar bincika nau'in emulsion

(1) hanyar dilution

Tsarma emsion tare da ruwa guda a matsayin ci gaba. Ruwa mai narkewa ne mai narkewa shine man mai / Ruwa, da kuma mai narkewa emululon ne ruwa / nau'in mai.
Misali, madara za a iya dilute ruwa, amma ba za a iya cutar da kayan lambu ba. Ana iya ganin wannan madara shine o / w emulsion.

(2) Hanyar tafiya

Yin amfani da ruwa da mai ya bambanta da yawa, da kuma aikata mai / ruwa emulsion yana da ɗaruruwan lokaci mafi girma fiye da na ruwa / Man. Saboda haka, ana saka abubuwan da aka saka biyu a cikin emulsion da Neon an haɗa su cikin jerin a cikin madauki, da hasken mai / ruwan / ruwa yana kan.

(3) Hanyar sa

Add 2-3 saukad da na tushen mai ko ruwa-ruwa a cikin bututun gwaji, kuma ka yi hukunci da irin emulsion bisa ga irin nau'in dye na iya sa ci gaba da amfani da shi a ko'ina.

(4) tace hanyar rigar takarda

Sauke ruwan shafa fuska a kan takarda tace. Idan ruwa na iya fadada cikin sauri da ƙaramin digo a tsakiya, ruwan shafa mai yana cikin ruwa; Idan ruwan shafa fuska ba sa fadada, mai cikin nau'in ruwa.

(5) Hanyar shakatawa na gani

Ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa daban-daban na ruwa da mai zuwa haske don gano nau'in emulsion. Idan emulsion na da mai a ruwa, barbashi suna taka rawa mai haske, kuma kawai hagu na barbashi za'a iya gani tare da microscope; Idan emulsion ruwa a cikin mai, barbashi suna taka rawar da masolimatism, kuma kawai abin da ya dace na barbashi ana iya gani da microscope;

Babban abubuwan da suka shafi nau'in emulsion

(1) girma:

An gabatar da ka'idar ƙara da 0Stwald daga 0 hangen nesa na geometric. Hujjojin shine yana ɗauka cewa ruwa mai ruwan lanƙwasa ruwan lanƙwasa iri ɗaya ne da kuma qarurali girma daga cikin babban adadin lokacin da suka fice. Idan yawan lokaci na gaba ɗaya na haɗin gwiwar ruwan gida ya fi kashi 74-02%, ruwan shafa zai lalace ko ya lalace.

(a) uniform driplet driplet mai arzikin pile saka emulsion
(b) m driplet m Stoinging emulsion
(C) Rashin Propherics ruwa na buƙatar stacking da emulsion (m)

Take the O/W type emulsion as an example, if the phase integral number of oil is greater than 74.02%,emulsion can only form W/0 type, when the O/i type is less than 25.98%, and when the fraction is 25.98% -74.02%, it may form either 0/W or W0 type.

 

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta da kaddarorin emulsifiers - wedge ka'idar

Ka'idar da aka samo asali ne daga tsarin sararin emulsifiers don tantance irin emulsion. Ka'idar wedge ya nuna cewa yankunan yanki na giciye da rudani a emulsifiers ba su daidaita ba. Kwayoyin halitta na emulsifiers ana ganin su azaman wedges, tare da ƙarshen ɗaya mafi girma da sauran karami. An iya shigar da ƙarshen ƙarshen emulsifier a cikin saman droplet kamar wege da kuma shirya a cikin hanyar da ke cikin hanyar da ruwa ke dubawa. A karshen lokacin Polarrophilic ya tsawaita cikin lokaci mai ruwa, yayin da Lipphilic Hydrocarbon sarkar m ya fadi cikin tsarin mai, wanda ya haifar da karuwar ƙarfin intrufin.

 

Tasiri na emulsifier kayan kan nau'in emulsion

Baya ga tasirin dalilai kamar kayan haɗin emulsion da yanayin emulsion, yanayin waje shima yana da tasiri ga nau'in emulsion. Misali, yanayin hydrophilic da lippophilic yanayin bangon emsion yana da ƙarfi, kuma w / w / 0 emulsion ne mai sauƙi don samar da yanayin waccan. Dalilin shi ne cewa ruwa yana buƙatar kula da wani Layer na ci gaba lokaci a kan bango, saboda haka ba mai sauƙi ne a watsa shi cikin gidajen beads lokacin da motsa su ba. Gilashin hydrophilic yayin da filastik shine hydrophobic, saboda haka tsohon shine pron prone for form O / W emulsions ya zama form w / 0 emulsions.

 

Ka'idar haduwa da matakan gudu guda biyu

Ka'idodin sauri na coaescence ya fara daga tasirin saurin motsi iri biyu waɗanda suka riƙaɗa emulsion guda biyu a lokacin da emulsion, shark, da kashe tare da murfin buƙata.

 

Ƙarfin zafi

Karuwa a cikin zafin jiki zai rage girman matakan hydration na kungiyoyi na Hydrophilic, ta haka ne rage hydrophility na kwayoyin halittu. Sabili da haka, 0 / W Emulsion kafa a ƙananan yanayin ƙasa na iya canzawa cikin w / 0 emulsion kan dumama. Wannan zazzabi na canjin shine zazzabi wanda da hydrophilic properties na hydrophilic na Surfactant ya isa daidai daidaita ya dace da yanayin zafin zafin rana.

Koyaya, lokacin da maida hankali na emulsifier ya yi girma sosai don shawo kan tasirin kayan emulsifier kanta kuma ba shi da alaƙa da trulphifit na jirgin ruwa.