Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan tsarin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na Gemini Surfactants, waɗanda ake tsammanin za su yi tasiri wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna iya ba da wasu taimako don rage saurin yaduwar sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Surfactant, wanda shine ƙanƙantar jimlolin Surface, Active da Agent. Surfactants abubuwa ne waɗanda ke aiki akan filaye da musaya kuma suna da babban ƙarfi da inganci don rage tashin hankali (iyaka), ƙirƙirar tarukan da aka ba da umarnin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mafita sama da wani taro kuma don haka suna da kewayon ayyukan aikace-aikacen. Surfactants mallaka mai kyau dispersibility, wettability, emulsification ikon, da antistatic Properties, kuma sun zama key kayan don ci gaban da yawa filayen, ciki har da filin na lafiya sunadarai, kuma suna da gagarumin taimako a inganta tafiyar matakai, rage makamashi amfani, da kuma kara samar da yadda ya dace. . Tare da ci gaban al'umma da ci gaba da ci gaba na matakin masana'antu na duniya, aikace-aikacen surfactants sannu a hankali ya yadu daga sinadarai masu amfani da yau da kullum zuwa sassa daban-daban na tattalin arzikin kasa, irin su magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta, kayan abinci na abinci, sababbin filayen makamashi, gurɓataccen magani da kuma gurɓataccen magani. biopharmaceuticals.
Abubuwan surfactants na al'ada sune mahaɗan "amphiphilic" waɗanda suka ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic na polar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic marasa ƙarfi, kuma ana nuna sifofin ƙwayoyin su a cikin Hoto 1 (a).
A halin yanzu, tare da haɓaka gyare-gyare da tsarin aiki a cikin masana'antun masana'antu, buƙatun kayan haɓakawa a cikin tsarin samarwa yana ƙaruwa a hankali, don haka yana da mahimmanci a samu da haɓaka surfactants tare da manyan abubuwan da ke sama kuma tare da sifofi na musamman. Gano Gemini Surfactants ya haɗu da waɗannan ɓangarorin kuma ya cika buƙatun samar da masana'antu. Gemini surfactant na kowa shine fili tare da ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic guda biyu (gaba ɗaya ionic ko nonionic tare da kaddarorin hydrophilic) da sarƙoƙi na alkyl na hydrophobic guda biyu.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1 (b), ya bambanta da na al'ada guda-sarkar surfactants, Gemini Surfactants sun haɗa ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic guda biyu tare ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa (spacer). A takaice, ana iya fahimtar tsarin Gemini surfactant kamar yadda aka kafa ta hanyar wayo ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic guda biyu na surfactant na al'ada tare da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa.
Tsarin musamman na Gemini Surfactant yana kaiwa ga babban aikin sa, wanda galibi saboda:
(1) ingantaccen tasirin hydrophobic na sarƙoƙin wutsiya na hydrophobic guda biyu na kwayoyin Gemini Surfactant da haɓakar haɓakar surfactant don barin mafita mai ruwa.
(2) Halin ƙungiyoyin kai na hydrophilic don rabuwa da juna, musamman ƙungiyoyin kai na ionic saboda ƙin electrostatic, yana da rauni sosai ta hanyar tasirin sararin samaniya;
(3) Tsarin na musamman na Gemini Surfactants yana rinjayar halayen haɗin gwiwar su a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, yana ba su wani tsari mai mahimmanci kuma mai canzawa.
Gemini Surfactants suna da ayyuka mafi girma (iyaka), ƙananan ƙwayar micelle mai mahimmanci, mafi kyawun wettability, ikon emulsification da ikon antibacterial idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada surfactants. Sabili da haka, haɓakawa da amfani da Gemini Surfactants suna da mahimmanci ga haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen surfactants.
"Tsarin amphiphilic" na surfactants na al'ada yana ba su kaddarorin saman na musamman. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1 (c), lokacin da aka ƙara surfactant na al'ada a cikin ruwa, ƙungiyar hydrophilic head group tana ƙoƙarin narke a cikin maganin ruwa, kuma ƙungiyar hydrophobic ta hana rushewar kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. Ƙarƙashin haɗaɗɗiyar tasirin waɗannan abubuwan guda biyu, ƙwayoyin surfactant suna wadatar da su a mahaɗar ruwan iskar gas kuma suna yin tsari mai tsari, don haka rage tashin hankali na ruwa. Ba kamar na al'ada surfactants, Gemini Surfactants su ne "dimers" cewa haɗa na al'ada surfactants tare ta hanyar spacer kungiyoyin, wanda zai iya rage surface tashin hankali na ruwa da kuma man / ruwa tashin hankali interfacial mafi inganci. Bugu da ƙari, Gemini Surfactants suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin micelle masu mahimmanci, mafi kyawun ruwa mai narkewa, emulsification, kumfa, wetting da kuma kwayoyin cutar.
| Gabatarwar Gemini Surfactants A cikin 1991, Menger da Littau [13] sun shirya sarkar bis-alkyl na farko tare da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa mai tsauri, kuma suka sanya masa suna "Gemini surfactant". A cikin wannan shekarar, Zana et al [14] sun shirya jerin quaternary ammonium gishiri Gemini Surfactants a karon farko kuma sun bincika cikin tsari da kaddarorin wannan jerin quaternary ammonium gishiri Gemini Surfactants. 1996, masu bincike gabaɗaya kuma sun tattauna yanayin yanayin (iyaka), kaddarorin tarawa, rheology bayani da halayen lokaci na Gemini Surfactants daban-daban lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da surfactants na al'ada. A cikin 2002, Zana [15] ya bincika tasirin ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa daban-daban akan haɓakar halayen Gemini Surfactants a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, aikin da ya haɓaka haɓaka haɓakar surfactants kuma yana da mahimmanci. Daga baya, Qiu et al [16] ya ƙirƙira wata sabuwar hanya don haɗin Gemini Surfactants wanda ke dauke da sifofi na musamman dangane da cetyl bromide da 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole, wanda ya ƙara wadatar da hanyar. Gemini Surfactant kira. |
Bincike kan Gemini Surfactants a kasar Sin ya fara a makara; A shekarar 1999, Jianxi Zhao na jami'ar Fuzhou ya yi nazari mai tsauri kan binciken kasashen waje kan abubuwan da ake kira Gemini Surfactants, kuma ya jawo hankalin cibiyoyin bincike da dama a kasar Sin. Bayan haka, bincike kan Gemini Surfactants a kasar Sin ya fara samun bunkasuwa tare da samun sakamako mai kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun ba da kansu ga ci gaba da sababbin Gemini Surfactants da kuma nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi physicochemical. A lokaci guda, aikace-aikacen Gemini Surfactants an haɓaka sannu a hankali a cikin fannonin haifuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, samar da abinci, lalatawar kumfa da hana kumfa, jinkirin sakin miyagun ƙwayoyi da tsabtace masana'antu. Dangane da ko ana cajin ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic a cikin kwayoyin surfactant ko a'a da nau'in cajin da suke ɗauka, Gemini Surfactants za a iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa: cationic, anionic, nonionic da amphoteric Gemini Surfactants. Daga cikin su, cationic Gemini Surfactants gabaɗaya suna magana ne akan quaternary ammonium ko ammonium gishiri Gemini Surfactants, anionic Gemini Surfactants galibi suna nufin Gemini Surfactants waɗanda ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic sulfonic acid, phosphate da carboxylic acid, yayin da nonionic Gemini Surfactants sune galibi polyoxyethylene Gemini Surfactants.
1.1 Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Cationic Gemini Surfactants na iya raba cations a cikin mafita mai ruwa, galibi ammonium da quaternary ammonium gishiri Gemini Surfactants. Cationic Gemini Surfactants suna da kyau biodegradability, ƙarfi decontamination ikon, barga sinadaran Properties, low toxicity, sauki tsari, sauki kira, sauki rabuwa da tsarkakewa, da kuma da bactericidal Properties, anticorrosion, antistatic Properties da taushi.
Gemini Surfactants na tushen ammonium na Quaternary gabaɗaya ana shirya su daga amines na manyan makarantu ta halayen alkylation. Akwai manyan hanyoyin roba guda biyu kamar haka: na daya shine a daidaita alkanes da aka maye gurbinsu da dibromo da kuma dogon sarkar alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines; ɗayan kuma shine a daidaita 1-bromo-masanya dogon sarkar alkanes da N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamines tare da anhydrous ethanol a matsayin kaushi da dumama reflux. Koyaya, alkanes da aka maye gurbinsu da dibromo sun fi tsada kuma galibi ana haɗa su ta hanya ta biyu, kuma ana nuna ma'auni a cikin hoto na 2.
1.2 Anionic Gemini Surfactants
Anionic Gemini Surfactants iya dissociate anions a cikin ruwa bayani, yafi sulfonates, sulfate salts, carboxylates da phosphate salts irin Gemini Surfactants. Anionic surfactants suna da mafi kyawun kaddarorin kamar lalatawa, kumfa, watsawa, emulsification da wetting, kuma ana amfani da su sosai azaman wanki, magungunan kumfa, ma'aikatan jiƙa, emulsifiers da masu rarrabawa.
1.2.1 Sulfate
Sulfonate na tushen biosurfactants da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau ruwa solubility, mai kyau wettability, mai kyau zafin jiki da gishiri juriya, mai kyau detergency, da kuma karfi dispersing iyawa, kuma suna yadu amfani da wanka, kumfa jamiái, wetting jamiái, emulsifiers, da dispersants a cikin man fetur, masana'antar yadi, da sinadarai masu amfani da yau da kullun saboda ingantacciyar tushen tushen albarkatun su, hanyoyin samar da sauƙi, da ƙarancin farashi. Li et al sun haɗa jerin sabbin dialkyl disulfonic acid Gemini Surfactants (2Cn-SCT), wani nau'in sulfonate na al'ada na baryonic surfactant, ta amfani da trichloramine, aliphatic amine da taurine azaman albarkatun ƙasa a cikin matakin mataki uku.
1.2.2 Sulfate gishiri
Sulfate ester salts doublet surfactants suna da fa'ida daga matsanancin matsanancin tashin hankali, babban aiki mai ƙarfi, ingantaccen ruwa mai narkewa, tushen albarkatun ƙasa da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa. Hakanan yana da kyakkyawan aikin wankewa da ikon kumfa, ingantaccen aiki a cikin ruwa mai ƙarfi, da gishirin ester sulfate suna tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ƙaramin alkaline a cikin maganin ruwa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 3, Sun Dong et al sun yi amfani da lauric acid da polyethylene glycol a matsayin babban kayan albarkatun kasa da kuma ƙara sulfate ester bonds ta hanyar maye gurbin, esterification da ƙari halayen, don haka hada sulfate ester gishiri irin baryonic surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 Carboxylic acid gishiri
Carboxylate tushen Gemini Surfactants yawanci m, kore, sauƙi biodegradable kuma suna da arziki tushen halitta albarkatun kasa, high karfe chelating Properties, mai kyau wuya ruwa juriya da alli sabulu watsawa, mai kyau kumfa da wetting Properties, kuma ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin Pharmaceuticals. yadi, sinadarai masu kyau da sauran fannoni. Gabatar da ƙungiyoyin amide a cikin abubuwan da ke da tushen carboxylate na iya haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma sanya su da kyau wetting, emulsification, watsawa da lalata kaddarorin. Mei et al sun haɗu da carboxylate na tushen baryonic surfactant CGS-2 mai ɗauke da ƙungiyoyi amide ta amfani da dodecylamine, dibromoethane da succinic anhydride azaman albarkatun ƙasa.
1.2.4 Fosfat gishiri
Nau'in gishirin phosphate ester Gemini Surfactants suna da irin wannan tsari zuwa phospholipids na halitta kuma suna da saurin samar da sifofi irin su miceles da vesicles. Fosphate ester gishiri nau'in Gemini Surfactants an yi amfani da ko'ina a matsayin antistatic jamiái da wanki, yayin da su high emulsification Properties da in mun gwada low hangula ya haifar da fadi da amfani a sirri fata kula. Wasu esters na phosphate na iya zama maganin ciwon daji, antitumor da antibacterial, kuma an ƙirƙira da dama na magunguna. Phosphate ester gishiri irin biosurfactants suna da babban emulsification Properties na magungunan kashe qwari kuma za a iya amfani da ba kawai a matsayin antibacterial da kwari amma kuma a matsayin herbicides. Zheng et al ya yi nazarin haɗin phosphate ester gishiri Gemini Surfactants daga P2O5 da ortho-quat-based oligomeric diols, wanda ke da sakamako mai kyau na wetting, kyawawan kaddarorin antistatic, da kuma tsari mai sauƙi mai sauƙi tare da yanayi mai sauƙi. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na potassium phosphate gishiri baryonic surfactant an nuna shi a hoto na 4.
1.3 Ba-ionic Gemini Surfactants
Nonionic Gemini Surfactants ba za a iya rarrabuwa a cikin ruwa bayani da kuma wanzu a cikin kwayoyin form. Irin wannan nau'in surfactant na baryonic ba a yi nazari sosai ba ya zuwa yanzu, kuma akwai nau'ikan guda biyu, ɗayan nau'in sukari ne ɗayan kuma shine ether na barasa da phenol ether. Nonionic Gemini Surfactants ba su wanzu a cikin jihar ionic a cikin bayani, don haka suna da babban kwanciyar hankali, ba su da sauƙi ta hanyar karfi masu amfani da wutar lantarki, suna da kyakkyawar rikitarwa tare da sauran nau'in surfactants, kuma suna da kyau solubility. Saboda haka, nonionic surfactants da daban-daban kaddarorin kamar mai kyau detergency, dispersibility, emulsification, kumfa, wettability, antistatic dukiya da haifuwa, kuma za a iya amfani da ko'ina a daban-daban fannoni kamar magungunan kashe qwari da coatings. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5, a cikin 2004, FitzGerald et al hada polyoxyethylene tushen Gemini Surfactants (nonionic surfactants), wanda aka bayyana tsarinsa kamar (Cn-2H2n-3CHCH2O (CH2CH2O)mH) 2 (CH2) 6 (ko GemnEm).
02 Physicochemical Properties na Gemini Surfactants
2.1 Ayyukan Gemini Surfactants
Hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi kai tsaye don kimanta aikin saman surfactants ita ce auna yanayin tashin hankali na mafita na ruwa. A ka'ida, surfactants suna rage tashin hankali saman mafita ta hanyar daidaitacce akan saman (iyaka) jirgin sama (Hoto 1 (c)). Mahimmancin maida hankali na micelle (CMC) na Gemini Surfactants ya fi oda biyu na girma ƙarami kuma ƙimar C20 tana da ƙasa da ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullun tare da sifofi iri ɗaya. Baryonic surfactant kwayoyin halitta yana da ƙungiyoyi biyu na hydrophilic waɗanda ke taimaka masa kula da ingantaccen ruwa yayin da yake da dogon sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic. A mahaɗar ruwa / iska, ana shirya masu surfactants na yau da kullun saboda tasirin juriya na sararin samaniya da kuma ƙin cajin kamanni a cikin kwayoyin halitta, don haka suna raunana ikonsu na rage tashin hankalin ruwa. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar Gemini Surfactants suna haɗin gwiwa don haka nisa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic biyu ana kiyaye shi a cikin ƙaramin kewayon (mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic na surfactants na al'ada), wanda ke haifar da mafi kyawun aiki na Gemini Surfactants a. surface (iyaka).
2.2 Tsarin taro na Gemini Surfactants
A cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, yayin da tattarawar baryonic surfactant ke ƙaruwa, ƙwayoyinsa suna cika saman maganin, wanda hakan ke tilasta sauran ƙwayoyin cuta yin ƙaura zuwa ciki na maganin don samar da miceles. Matsakaicin abin da surfactant ya fara samar da micelles ana kiransa Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 9, bayan taro ya fi CMC, ba kamar Surfactants na al'ada da ke tara don samar da ƙwayar cuta iri-iri ba, kamar yadda tsarin masu-tsalle, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda halaye na zamani, saboda tsarin halaye, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halaye, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halaye, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu na zamani, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halayensu, saboda tsarin halaye, saboda tsarin halayensu. Bambance-bambance a cikin girman micelle, siffar da hydration suna da tasiri kai tsaye akan halayen lokaci da kaddarorin rheological na maganin, kuma suna haifar da canje-canje a cikin viscoelasticity bayani. Na al'ada surfactants, irin su anionic surfactants (SDS), yawanci samar da mai siffar zobe micelles, wanda kusan babu wani tasiri a kan danko na bayani. Duk da haka, tsarin musamman na Gemini Surfactants yana haifar da samuwar mafi hadaddun kwayoyin halittar micelle da kaddarorin maganin su na ruwa sun bambanta sosai da na al'ada surfactants. Dankowar hanyoyin ruwa mai ruwa na Gemini Surfactants yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka tattarawar Gemini Surfactants, mai yiwuwa saboda micelles madaidaiciyar layi suna shiga tsakani a cikin tsarin yanar gizo. Duk da haka, dankowar maganin yana raguwa tare da karuwa mai yawa na surfactant, mai yiwuwa saboda rushewar tsarin yanar gizon da samuwar wasu sifofi micelle.
03 Antimicrobial Properties na Gemini Surfactants
A matsayin wani nau'i na wakili na kwayoyin cuta, tsarin antimicrobial na baryonic surfactant shine yafi cewa yana haɗuwa da anions a kan jikin kwayoyin halitta na kwayoyin halitta ko amsawa tare da kungiyoyin sulfhydryl don rushe samar da sunadaran su da membranes tantanin halitta, don haka lalata kyallen takarda don hanawa. ko kashe microorganisms.
3.1 Abubuwan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na anionic Gemini Surfactants
Abubuwan antimicrobial na antimicrobial anionic surfactants an ƙaddara su ne ta hanyar yanayin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da suke ɗauka. A colloidal mafita kamar na halitta latexes da coatings, hydrophilic sarƙoƙi daura zuwa ruwa-mai narkewa dispersants, da hydrophobic sarƙoƙi za su ɗaure zuwa hydrophobic dispersions by directional adsorption, ta haka canza da biyu-lokaci dubawa a cikin wani m kwayoyin interfacial film. Ƙungiyoyin hana ƙwayoyin cuta a kan wannan kariyar kariya mai yawa suna hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta.
Tsarin hana ƙwayoyin cuta na anionic surfactants ya bambanta da na cationic surfactants. Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na anionic surfactants yana da alaƙa da tsarin maganin su da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu hanawa, don haka irin wannan nau'in surfactant zai iya iyakance. Irin wannan nau'in surfactant dole ne ya kasance a isasshen matakan don haka surfactant ya kasance a kowane kusurwa na tsarin don samar da sakamako mai kyau na microbicidal. A lokaci guda kuma, irin wannan nau'in surfactant ba shi da wani wuri da niyya, wanda ba wai kawai yana haifar da sharar gida ba, har ma yana haifar da juriya na dogon lokaci.
A matsayin misali, an yi amfani da biosurfactants na tushen alkyl sulfonate a cikin maganin asibiti. Alkyl sulfonates, irin su Busulfan da Treosulfan, galibi suna magance cututtukan myeloproliferative, suna yin aiki don samar da haɗin kai tsakanin guanine da ureapurine, yayin da ba za a iya gyara wannan canjin ta hanyar karantawa ta salula ba, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar apoptotic cell.
3.2 Abubuwan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na cationic Gemini Surfactants
Babban nau'in cationic Gemini Surfactants da aka haɓaka shine nau'in gishiri na ammonium na quaternary Gemini Surfactants. Quaternary ammonium nau'in cationic Gemini Surfactants suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi na bactericidal saboda akwai sarƙoƙi na dogon lokaci na hydrophobic a cikin nau'in ammonium na nau'in quaternary na baryonic surfactant, kuma sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic suna samar da adsorption na hydrophobic tare da bangon tantanin halitta (peptidoglycan); a lokaci guda, sun ƙunshi ions nitrogen mai inganci guda biyu, wanda zai haɓaka adsorption na ƙwayoyin surfactant zuwa saman ƙwayoyin cuta da ba su da kyau, kuma ta hanyar shiga ciki da watsawa, sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic sun shiga zurfi a cikin Layer membrane lipid Layer, canza yanayin. permeability na cell membrane, haifar da fashe na kwayoyin cuta, ban da hydrophilic kungiyoyin zurfafa a cikin gina jiki, haifar da asarar enzyme aiki da kuma gina jiki denaturation, saboda da hade sakamako na wadannan biyu effects, sa fungicide yana da karfi bactericidal sakamako.
Duk da haka, daga mahallin mahalli, waɗannan surfactants suna da aikin hemolytic da cytotoxicity, kuma tsawon lokacin hulɗa tare da kwayoyin ruwa da biodegradation na iya ƙara yawan guba.
3.3 Antibacterial Properties na nonionic Gemini Surfactants
A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan Gemini Surfactants na nonionic iri biyu, ɗayan asalin sukari ne ɗayan kuma shine ether barasa da phenol ether.
Tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ciwon sukari sun dogara ne akan alaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da sukari na iya ɗaure ga membranes tantanin halitta, waɗanda ke ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na phospholipids. Lokacin da maida hankali na abubuwan da suka samo asali na sukari surfactants ya kai wani matakin, yana canza permeability na membrane cell, yana haifar da pores da tashoshi ion, wanda ke shafar jigilar kayan abinci da musayar iskar gas, yana haifar da fitar da abun ciki kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwa. kwayoyin cuta.
Tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na phenolic da barasa ethers antimicrobial agents shine yin aiki akan bangon tantanin halitta ko membranes cell da enzymes, toshe ayyuka na rayuwa da kuma rushe ayyukan farfadowa. Alal misali, magungunan antimicrobial na diphenyl ethers da abubuwan da suka samo asali (phenols) suna nutsewa a cikin kwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna aiki ta bangon tantanin halitta da membrane cell, suna hana aiki da aikin enzymes da ke da alaka da kira na nucleic acid da proteins, yana iyakancewa. girma da haifuwar kwayoyin cuta. Har ila yau, yana gurgunta ayyukan rayuwa da na numfashi na enzymes da ke cikin kwayoyin cuta, wanda sai ya kasa.
3.4 Antibacterial Properties na amphoteric Gemini Surfactants
Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants wani nau'i ne na surfactants waɗanda ke da duka cations da anions a cikin tsarin kwayoyin su, suna iya yin ionize a cikin maganin ruwa, kuma suna nuna kaddarorin masu surfactants na anionic a cikin yanayin matsakaici da cationic surfactants a cikin wani yanayin matsakaici. Hanyar hana ƙwayoyin cuta na amphoteric surfactants ba ta da iyaka, amma ana yarda da cewa hanawa na iya zama kama da na quaternary ammonium surfactants, inda aka yi amfani da surfactant a sauƙi a kan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da aka yi wa mummunan caji kuma yana tsoma baki tare da ƙwayar cuta.
3.4.1 Abubuwan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na amino acid Gemini Surfactants
Amino acid nau'in baryonic surfactant shine cationic amphoteric baryonic surfactant wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid guda biyu, don haka tsarin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ya fi kama da na quaternary ammonium gishiri irin baryonic surfactant. The tabbatacce cajin part na surfactant ne janyo hankalin zuwa barnatar da cajin part na kwayoyin ko hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri saboda hulɗar electrostatic, sa'an nan kuma hydrophobic sarƙoƙi daure zuwa lipid bilayer, haifar da efflux na cell abinda ke ciki da lysis har mutuwa. Yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci akan Gemini Surfactants na tushen ammonium na quaternary: sauƙin biodegradability, ƙarancin aikin hemolytic, da ƙarancin guba, don haka ana haɓaka shi don aikace-aikacen sa kuma ana faɗaɗa filin aikin sa.
3.4.2 Antibacterial Properties na wadanda ba amino acid irin Gemini Surfactants
Nau'in nau'in amphoteric Gemini Surfactants wanda ba na amino acid ba yana da ragowar kwayoyin halitta masu aiki da ke dauke da duka cibiyoyin caji mara kyau da mara kyau. Babban nau'in Gemini Surfactants wanda ba na amino acid ba shine betaine, imidazoline, da amine oxide. Ɗaukar nau'in betaine a matsayin misali, nau'in betaine na amphoteric surfactants suna da ƙungiyoyin anionic da cationic a cikin kwayoyin su, waɗanda ba su da sauƙi ta hanyar salts na inorganic kuma suna da tasirin surfactant a cikin maganin acidic da alkaline, kuma tsarin antimicrobial na cationic Gemini Surfactants shine. bi a cikin maganin acidic da na anionic Gemini Surfactants a cikin maganin alkaline. Hakanan yana da kyakkyawan aikin haɓakawa tare da sauran nau'ikan surfactants.
04 Ƙarshe da hangen nesa
Gemini Surfactants ana ƙara amfani da su a cikin rayuwa saboda tsarin su na musamman, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin fa'idodin hana cutar antibacterial, samar da abinci, lalatawa da hana kumfa, jinkirin sakin miyagun ƙwayoyi da tsaftacewar masana'antu. Tare da karuwar buƙatun kariyar muhallin kore, Gemini Surfactants ana haɓaka su a hankali zuwa cikin abokantaka na muhalli da masu amfani da yawa. Za a iya gudanar da bincike na gaba a kan Gemini Surfactants a cikin wadannan bangarori: haɓaka sabon Gemini Surfactants tare da sifofi da ayyuka na musamman, musamman ƙarfafa bincike akan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta; hadawa tare da na kowa surfactants ko additives don samar da samfurori tare da mafi kyawun aiki; da kuma amfani da arha da sauƙin samuwa albarkatun ƙasa don haɗa Gemini Surfactants masu dacewa da muhalli.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 25-2022