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A cikin tsarin samar da sinadarai, saboda dalilai daban-daban, ƙura da datti kamar su polymers, coking, man fetur da ƙura, sikelin, laka, da samfurori masu lalata na iya faruwa a cikin kayan aiki da bututun mai. Wadannan suna da matukar tasiri ga amfani da kayan aiki, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a tsaftace kayan aikin sinadarai.

Tsabtace kayan aikin sinadarai ya haɗa da nau'i biyu: tsaftacewa ta kan layi da tsaftacewa ta layi.

 

Tsaftace kan layi

Yi amfani da hasumiya mai sanyaya a cikin tsarin ruwa mai kewayawa azaman akwatin allurai don ƙara sinadarai zuwa tsarin don wurare dabam dabam na halitta.

Abũbuwan amfãni: Kayan aikin baya buƙatar rufewa kuma baya shafar samarwa da amfani na yau da kullun.

Hasara: Sakamakon tsaftacewa ba shi da kyau sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsaftacewa ta layi. Tsawon lokacin tsaftacewa da gagarumin haɗari na lalata kayan aiki.

 

Wanke kan layi

Yana nufin tsarin rarraba abubuwan da za a tsaftace daga kayan aiki ko bututun mai da jigilar su zuwa wani wuri (dangane da ainihin wurin da aka gyara) don tsaftacewa.

Ana iya raba tsaftacewa ta layi zuwa tsaftacewa ta jiki da tsabtace sinadarai.

Tsabtace jiki: Yi amfani da ruwan gudu mai ƙarfi don tsaftace kayan aiki. Ana buƙatar kayan aikin tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi.

Tsabtace sinadarai: Fitar da na'urar musayar zafi daban kuma haɗa bututun shigarwa da fitarwa na ruwa mai yawo zuwa abin hawa mai tsaftacewa don kewayawa. Tsabtace sinadarai yana da halaye masu zuwa:

Abũbuwan amfãni: Rage adadin magani da kyakkyawan sakamako mai tsabta.

Hasara: Ana buƙatar kayan aiki masu dacewa, kamar tsaftacewa motoci ko tankunan ruwa, famfo mai matsa lamba, ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban na bawuloli masu haɗawa, kayan walda, da sauransu.

 

Akwai nau'i biyu na tsabtace sinadarai: wanke acid da wanke alkali.

Wankan Alkaki: galibi ana amfani da shi don cire kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta, tabon mai da sauran abubuwan da aka makala a cikin kayan aiki, kamar masu hana tsatsa da ake amfani da su yayin shigar kayan aiki. Wankan alkaline kuma yana iya taka rawa wajen sassautawa, sassautawa, da kwaikwaya, da kuma tarwatsa gishirin da ba shi da tushe. Abubuwan tsaftacewa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, da sauransu.

Acid wanke: yafi don cire jibo na inorganic salts, kamar carbonates, sulfates, silica Sikeli, da dai sauransu. Na kowa tsaftacewa jamiái sun hada da Organic acid kamar hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, da hydrofluoric acid. Organic acid kamar citric acid da amino sulfonic acid.

 

Me yasa tsaftace kayan aikin sinadarai?
1.Wajibi na tsaftacewa kafin tuki

Tsabtace sinadarai kafin tuƙi yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka haɓakar samarwa da guje wa tasirin datti akan samarwa. Don haka, kafin a fara aiki da sabbin kayan aikin sinadari, dole ne a tsaftace su kafin farawa.

Tsarin samar da sinadarai ya ƙunshi albarkatun albarkatun sinadarai da yawa kuma yana buƙatar amfani da masu kara kuzari. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na tsabta don wasu kayan albarkatun ƙasa da masu haɓaka suna da girma sosai, don haka akwai manyan buƙatu don tsabtace kayan aiki da bututun bututu yayin aikin samarwa. Duk wani ƙazanta na iya haifar da guba mai ƙara kuzari, halayen gefe, har ma da lalata tsarin gaba ɗaya. Bugu da kari, wasu kayan aiki da na'urorin haɗi a cikin na'urar suna da madaidaicin buƙatun ko suna da matuƙar kula da illolin ƙazanta. Don haka, duk wani shiga tsakani na ƙazanta na inji yana da yuwuwar lalata ingancin madaidaicin abubuwan da aka gyara kuma ya shafi samarwa na yau da kullun.

2. Wajibi na tsaftacewa bayan fara aiki

Kayan aikin sinadarai, idan aka yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci, na iya samar da ƙura irin su polymers, coking, man fetur da datti, sikelin ruwa, laka, da samfuran lalata, waɗanda ke tasiri sosai ga aikin kayan aikin sinadarai. Tsaftace kayan aikin sinadarai akan lokaci zai iya tsawaita rayuwar sa, inganta ingantaccen aiki, tabbatar da aminci, da rage asarar tattalin arziki.

Don haka, ko kafin tuƙi ko bayan amfani da shi na ɗan lokaci, kayan aiki yakamata a tsaftace su, wanda shine muhimmin aikin kulawa na yau da kullun.

 

Menene hanyoyin tsaftacewa don kayan aikin sinadarai?

Shiri kafin kayan aikin tsaftacewa

Kafin tsaftacewa, abubuwan da ke cikin kayan aiki ko na'urar da ke da saukin kamuwa da lalata da lalacewa daga maganin tsaftacewa, irin su daidaitawar bawuloli da mita masu gudana, ya kamata a cire su, kuma a cire maɓallin matattara (raga) da maɓallin bawul na hanya ɗaya. Kuma ya kamata a dauki matakan da suka haɗa da ƙara gajerun bututu na wucin gadi, hanyoyin wucewa, ko faranti na makafi don tabbatar da cewa babu ɗigogi ko lahani ga wasu abubuwan yayin aikin tsaftacewa, da kuma raba kayan da aka tsabtace daga na'urori da bututun da ba su da tsabta.

 

Hanyoyin tsaftacewa da yanayin tsari

1. Hanyar tsaftacewa

Dangane da takamaiman yanayin kayan aiki, ana iya amfani da tsabtace sake zagayowar jiƙa ko tsaftacewar feshi.

Lokacin amfani da tsabtace sake zagayowar jiƙa, ƙaramin madaidaicin madaidaicin mashigai, ana iya ɗaukar tsarin sake zagayowar ammonia.

Lokacin amfani da tsaftacewa na feshi, ana iya ɗaukar tsari na mashigin ruwa mai tsayi da ƙaramin ma'ana reflux.

2.The tsaftacewa hanya da mataki na sinadaran tsaftacewa kullum hada da tsarin ruwa matsa lamba ganewa (ruwa flushing), degeneasing, ruwa flushing, acid wanka, rinsing, neutralization, passivation, dubawa, da kuma manual magani.

Mai zuwa yana ba da bayani ga kowane tsari.

Manufar gano magudanar ruwa (gudanar ruwa) shine don duba yanayin ɗigowar tsarin wucin gadi, da kuma cire ƙura, daɗaɗɗen ruwa, ɓangarorin ƙarfe oxides, slag walda, da sauran datti da sauƙi mai iya cirewa daga tsarin.

Manufar lalata tsaftacewa shine don cire tabo mai kamar man inji, man shafawa, man shafawa, da mai mai tsatsa daga tsarin don tabbatar da wanke acid.

Manufar wanke ruwa bayan raguwa shine don cire ragowar abubuwan tsabtace alkaline daga tsarin kuma cire wasu ƙazanta daga saman. Cire abun.

Manufar wanke acid shine don cire abubuwa masu narkewa ta hanyar sinadarai tsakanin acid da karfe oxides.

Manufar kurkura da ruwa bayan wankan acid shine don cire ragowar maganin wankewar acid da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin da suka fado daga tsarin don kurkura da jiyya.

Manufar kurkura shi ne don amfani da ammonium citrate zuwa chelate tare da ragowar ions baƙin ƙarfe a cikin tsarin da kuma cire tsatsa mai iyo da aka kafa a lokacin tsarin kurkar da ruwa, rage jimlar ion ion baƙin ƙarfe a cikin tsarin da kuma tabbatar da sakamako na gaba.

Manufar neutralization da passivation tsari ne don cire saura acid bayani, yayin da passivation ne don hana karfe surface cewa shi ne a cikin wani kunna jihar bayan acid wanka daga sake oxidizing da kuma samar da sakandare iyo tsatsa.

 

Tsaftacewa bayan fara aiki

Kayan aikin sinadarai waɗanda ke aiki tsawon shekaru 1-2 ko fiye sau da yawa suna manne da ma'aunin ƙarfe oxide ko ma'auni mai ɗauke da ƙarfe. Ma'aunin jan karfe ya ƙunshi jan karfe oxide (CuO), carbonate na ƙarfe na asali [Cu2 (OH) 2CO3], da jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe.

Ana iya cire ma'aunin tsatsa gabaɗaya ta hanyar wanke acid. Hanyar da matakai na wanke acid suna daidai da hanyar tsaftace kayan aiki kafin fara aiki.

Lokacin da abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin datti ya yi yawa, ba za a iya cire shi ta hanyar wanke acid kadai ba. Wajibi ne a cire bangaren jan karfe tare da ruwan ammonia kafin wanke acid.

Ma'auni na Copper da Copper oxide sau da yawa suna samar da nau'i mai nau'i tare da baƙin ƙarfe oxides, wanda ke da wuyar tsaftacewa kuma ya kamata a tsaftace shi kafin a samar da kayan haɗin gwiwa.

 

Yadda za a tsaftace mai musayar zafi?

Tsabtace masu musayar zafi gabaɗaya ya kasu kashi biyu: tsabtace injina da tsabtace sinadarai.

 

Injin tsaftacewa

Hanyar tsaftacewa na inji ta dogara ne akan kwararar ruwa ko aikin injiniya don samar da karfi fiye da ƙarfin mannewa na datti, yana haifar da datti don cirewa daga yanayin musayar zafi.

Akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin tsaftacewa na inji guda biyu: ɗaya ita ce hanyar tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi, kamar tsaftacewar feshin ruwa, tsaftacewar feshin tururi, tsaftacewa mai yashi, gogewa ko zubar da ruwa, da sauransu; Wani nau'in shine tsabtace injin mai laushi, kamar goge goge waya da gogewar ƙwallon roba. A ƙasa akwai nau'ikan hanyoyi da yawa:

Tsaftace fesa hanya ce ta ragewa ta amfani da feshin ruwa mai ƙarfi ko tasirin injina. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanya, da ruwa matsa lamba ne kullum 20 ~ 50MPa. Yanzu akwai kuma mafi girma matsi na 50-70Mpa ake amfani.

Fesa tsaftacewa, mai kama da ƙira da aiki don fesa tsaftacewa, na'urar ce da ke fesa tururi a cikin bututu da harsashi na mai musayar zafi don cire datti ta hanyar tasiri da zafi.

Tsaftace Sandblasting shine tsarin yin amfani da iska mai matsa lamba (300-350kPa) ta hanyar bindigar feshi don samar da saurin mizani mai ƙarfi akan yashi ma'adini da aka zana (yawanci tare da girman barbashi na 3-5mm), wanda ke zubar da bangon ciki na bututun musayar zafi, yana cire datti, kuma ya dawo da asalin yanayin canja wurin zafi na bututu.

Scraper ko drill bit descaling, wannan injin tsaftacewa ya dace kawai don tsaftace datti a cikin bututu ko silinda. Shigar da juzu'i mai jujjuyawa ko juzu'i a saman madaidaicin juzu'in jujjuyawar, sannan a jujjuya juzu'in ta hanyar matse iska ko wutar lantarki (kuma ta amfani da ruwa ko tururi).

Ana yin tsabtace ƙwallon roba ta amfani da mai tsabtace fashewar harbi. Mai tsabtace fashewar harbi ya ƙunshi ƙwallon soso da bindigar feshin ruwa wanda ke tura ƙwallon cikin cikin bututu don tsaftacewa. Kwallon yana da siffa kamar harsashi kuma ana fitar da shi daga wani soso mai ƙarfi na polyurethane mai ƙarfi, wanda yake na roba.

 

Chemical tsaftacewa

Hanyar tsaftace sinadarai ta haɗa da ƙara abubuwa masu lalata, acid, enzymes, da dai sauransu zuwa ruwa don rage mannewa tsakanin datti da yanayin musayar zafi, yana haifar da bawo daga filin musayar zafi.

Hanyoyin tsabtace sinadarai na yanzu da ake amfani da su sune:

Hanyar kewayawa: Yi amfani da famfo don tilasta maganin tsaftacewa don yaduwa don tsaftacewa.

Hanyar nutsewa: Cika kayan aiki tare da maganin tsaftacewa kuma bar shi ya tsaya na wani ɗan lokaci.

Hanyar tiyata: Cika kayan aiki tare da maganin tsaftacewa, fitar da wani yanki na tsaftacewa daga ƙasa a lokaci-lokaci na yau da kullum, sa'an nan kuma sake shigar da ruwan da aka fitar a cikin kayan aiki don cimma manufar motsawa da tsaftacewa.

 

Yadda za a tsaftace kettle dauki?

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku don tsaftacewa tasoshin amsawa: tsaftacewa na inji, tsabtace sinadarai, da tsaftace hannu.

 

Injin tsaftacewa

Tsabtace injina: Yin amfani da na'urar tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi, ana amfani da kwararar ruwa mai ƙarfi don zubarwa ta cikin bututun ƙarfe, karya ma'auni mai ƙarfi akan bangon ciki na jirgin ruwa da saman mai tayar da hankali, peeling sosai da cire shi.

Ka'idar tsabtace jet mai matsananciyar ruwa shine a danne ruwa zuwa babban matsa lamba, sannan a sake shi ta cikin bututun ƙarfe da aka sanya akan robot ɗin tsaftacewa da aka saka a cikin kettle. Za'a iya canza matsa lamba zuwa makamashin motsi na ruwa, wanda zai iya tasiri da datti na bango don cimma sakamakon tsaftacewa da cirewa.
Chemical tsaftacewa

Da fari dai, wajibi ne a san abun da ke cikin sikelin samfurin a cikin kayan aikin reactor, zai fi dacewa ta hanyar samfuri da bincike. Bayan kayyade abun da ke ciki na datti, gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na farko, zaɓi kayan aikin tsaftacewa, kuma tabbatar ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen cewa ba za su haifar da lalata ga karfe na kayan aiki ba. Sannan, ana saita na'urar zagayawa ta wucin gadi a wurin don yaɗa maganin tsaftacewa a cikin kayan aiki da kuma wanke datti.

Da farko, kurkura ruwan hadawa da bangon ciki na kettle tare da adadin ruwan da ya dace, sannan a kwashe su gaba daya.

Cire jirgin ruwan da sauran ƙarfi ta na'urar da aka matsa.

Idan ba a sami sakamako mai tsaftacewa ba, ƙara adadin da ya dace na sauran ƙarfi zuwa tukunyar amsawa, zafi sama, motsawa da reflux har sai an cika buƙatun tsaftacewa, sannan a saki sauran ƙarfi.

A ƙarshe, kurkura bangon ciki na jirgin ruwan dauki tare da wani adadin ƙarfi kuma a sake shi.

Shigar da hannu cikin kettle da tsaftace hannu

Ƙananan farashi shine mafi girman fa'idarsa, amma yana buƙatar sa'o'i da yawa na samun iska da musayar iska kafin shigar da reactor. A lokacin aikin tsaftacewa, dole ne a kula da ƙwayar oxygen a cikin reactor a kowane lokaci, wanda ke haifar da hadarin rashin iskar oxygen; A lokaci guda, scraping na hannu ba kawai ya kasa tsaftacewa gaba ɗaya ba, har ma yana haifar da alamun zamiya akan bangon ciki na jirgin ruwa, wanda da gaske yana haifar da ƙarin mannewa. Tsaftace kettle kuma na iya haifar da matsalar tsafta tare da samfurin. Gabaɗaya magana, yana ɗaukar kusan rabin yini zuwa yini don tsaftace tukunyar.

Kowanne daga cikin hanyoyin guda uku yana da nasa fa'ida da rashin amfani:

Tsaftace injin ba ya lalata kayan aiki kuma yana iya tsaftace ma'auni mai ƙarfi yadda ya kamata, amma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma yana buƙatar babban ƙarfin aiki;

Tsabtace sinadarai yana buƙatar ƙarancin aiki, yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin tsaftacewa, kuma yana tsaftacewa sosai, amma yana iya sa kayan aiki su lalace;

Shigar da kettle da hannu don tsaftacewa ba shi da tsada, amma yana ɗauke da babban haɗari kuma ba za a iya tsabtace shi gaba ɗaya ba.

Sabili da haka, ana amfani da tsabtace sinadarai a cikin yanayin aiki inda ƙazanta ke da laushi da bakin ciki, yayin da ake amfani da tsabtace injin a cikin yanayin aiki inda ƙazanta ke da wuya kuma mai kauri.