Aikace-aikace a cikin rigar ƙarshen yin takarda

Surfactants don girman su ne mahimman sinadarai na ƙarshen rigar waɗanda ke ba da juriya na ruwa ga takarda da kwali. Ana amfani da su galibi don rubutu, bugu, bugu, da takardan gini da kwali.

Manyan nau'ikan wakilan sizing sune tushen wuraren zama wakilai da kuma wakilan size na roba. Shirye-shiryen girman rosin da aka tarwatsa shine tsari na zahiri da sinadarai, wanda rosin rosin mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar zafi kuma ya zama rosin ruwa. Akwai babban tashin hankali tsakanin ruwan rosin da ruwa, kuma rage wannan tashin hankali tsakanin fuska ba zai iya samu ba ta hanyar ƙara surfactants. Emulsifiers da dispersants don tarwatsa rosin danko duka su ne surfactants. Zaɓin madaidaicin surfactant shine mabuɗin don shirya tarwatsa rosin danko, kuma waɗanda aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da anionic, cationic, da wakilan zwitterionic. Mafi yawan amfani da emulsifier a kasar Sin shine anionic tarwatsa rosin danko, da kuma emulsifiers da aka saba amfani da su sune nau'in polyoxyethylene, irin su m barasa polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (styrene glycol) acrylic sulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (nonylphenoxyoxyoxide . kamar yadda cationic polyacrylamide, polyamide polyamide epichlorohydrin, da sitaci cationic ana amfani da su don shirya cationic tarwatsa girman rosin.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su na roba sun haɗa da alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) da alkyl succinic anhydride (ASA). Wadannan nau'ikan wakilan daidaita guda biyu ana sansu da wakilai masu gyara saboda suna dauke da kungiyoyin aiki masu aiki wanda zai iya amsawa tare da rukunin hydroxyl na zaruruwa. Saboda iyawar su don ɗaukar yanayin pH mai girma (pH = 7.5-8.5), irin wannan nau'in ma'auni yana shahara a cikin masana'antar takarda kamar yadda zai iya amfani da calcium carbonate maras tsada a matsayin mai cikawa don inganta ƙarfin, fari, da aikin takarda na takarda. A halin yanzu, sama da kashi 50% na babban takarda a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa sun sami matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa yin takarda. AKD da ASA ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma ana iya shirya tsayayyen ruwan shafawa AKD ta amfani da nau'in polyoxyethylene wanda ba na ion surfactant azaman emulsifier.

Yayin aiwatar da aikin bleaching na ɓangaren litattafan almara da aka yi da su don sarrafa guduro, ragowar guduro zai yi hazo. Idan ba a rabu cikin lokaci ba, zai samar da ma'auni mai ma'ana wanda ke manne da kayan aiki, injin takarda na jan karfe, zanen ulu, da bushewar silinda, yana haifar da cikas ga yin takarda, yana shafar yin takarda na yau da kullun, kuma yana haifar da cututtukan takarda. Bugu da ƙari, tare da yaɗuwar yin amfani da takarda mai sharar gida a yau, abubuwan da ke tushen guduro kamar su adhesives, masu ɗaure tawada, da manne a cikin takardar shara kuma na iya haifar da shingen guduro waɗanda ke shafar yin takarda. Sabili da haka, bincike da haɓaka abubuwan kula da shinge na resin sun zama mahimmanci.

Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na sarrafa shinge na guduro sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke cikin inorganic (kamar talc foda), fungicides, surfactants, jami'an chelating, cationic polymers, lipases, da wakilan rabuwar membrane. Mafi yawan amfani da surfactants su ne anionic surfactants, wanda a halin yanzu su ne mafi yadu amfani surfactants, ciki har da mafi girma barasa sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, kuma mafi girma alcohols, phosphates, da dai sauransu Cationic surfactants ne yafi alkyl amine salts ko quaternary ammonium salts. Non ionic surfactants galibi sun haɗa da polyethylene glycol da polyols. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma amphoteric surfactants da daban-daban hadaddun hadaddun. Wakilin cirewa kuma wakili ne mai sarrafa guduro da ake amfani da shi don sarrafa mannewa tsakanin na'urar bushewa da takardar takarda, sa mai gogewa da bushewa, da sarrafa rarraba manne. Yawanci ya haɗa da ruwan shafa na polyamide polymer, kamar ruwan shafan barasa na polyvinyl, man ma'adinai da dandamalin ma'auni na surfactant yana fesa ruwan shafan siliki na halitta da polyamine polyamide cationic polymer.

Surfactant don defoaming

A cikin tsarin yin takarda, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana ƙunshe da ƙananan nau'o'in nau'in nau'in kumfa na dabi'a da artificially kamar abubuwan fasaha da fatty acids, da kuma kumfa stabilizers irin su polymers na roba da sitaci. Sabili da haka, kumfa zai bayyana, yana haifar da matsaloli kamar karya takarda ko ramuka akan takarda. Babban aiki aka gyara na defoamers amfani da takarda yin su ne high carbon alcohols, polyethers, m acid esters, Organic silicon polymers, da dai sauransu An shirya su gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa a cikin ruwan shafa mai.

Mai laushi don yin takarda

Softness yana nufin ikon surfactants don samar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a saman filaye da kuma tallata su a cikin jujjuyawar shugabanci, rage ƙarfin juzu'i da daidaiton juzu'i na kayan fiber, don haka samun santsi da taushi. Sulfuric acid vinegar, sulfonated castor man, da sauran anionic surfactants suna nuna wani sakamako mai laushi lokacin da aka tallata su a saman filaye.

Ƙungiyoyin cationic a cikin cationic surfactants na iya haɗa kai tsaye tare da zaruruwan caji mara kyau, yayin da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic ke samar da ƙasa mai ƙarancin kuzari a waje na zaruruwan, yana haifar da sassauci musamman. Fatty acid bisamide epichlorohydrin ana amfani da shi ne don takarda tare da buƙatun sassauƙa masu yawa, kamar takarda bayan gida, takarda alagammana, adiko na goge baki, kayan hannu, adibas, da sauransu.

Bipolar ionic surfactants suna da kewayon aikace-aikace. Ƙungiyoyin cationic su na iya samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da zaruruwa, yayin da ƙungiyoyin anionic na su na iya ɗaure da zaruruwa ta hanyar polyelectrolytes ko aluminum ions a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Hakanan suna iya haifar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic su daidaita waje, suna rage ƙarfin sama sosai. Misalan irin waɗannan surfactants sun haɗa da 1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Sha bakwai alkyl imidazoline carboxylic acid samu. Bugu da ƙari, duka cationic da amphoteric surfactants suna da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya hana takarda daga mold.

Organosilicon surfactants sun kasance na musamman surfactants, kuma cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts ana amfani da su azaman softeners. Hakanan akwai wasu nau'ikan masu laushi da yawa, kamar stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, emulsified kakin zuma, da sauransu.

Mai laushi don yin takarda

Softness yana nufin ikon surfactants don samar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a saman filaye da kuma tallata su a cikin jujjuyawar shugabanci, rage ƙarfin juzu'i da daidaiton juzu'i na kayan fiber, don haka samun santsi da taushi. Sulfuric acid vinegar, sulfonated castor man, da sauran anionic surfactants suna nuna wani sakamako mai laushi lokacin da aka tallata su a saman filaye.

Ƙungiyoyin cationic a cikin cationic surfactants na iya haɗa kai tsaye tare da zaruruwan caji mara kyau, yayin da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic ke samar da ƙasa mai ƙarancin kuzari a waje na zaruruwan, yana haifar da sassauci musamman. Fatty acid bisamide epichlorohydrin ana amfani da shi ne don takarda tare da buƙatun sassauƙa masu yawa, kamar takarda bayan gida, takarda alagammana, adiko na goge baki, kayan hannu, adibas, da sauransu.

Bipolar ionic surfactants suna da kewayon aikace-aikace. Ƙungiyoyin cationic su na iya samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da zaruruwa, yayin da ƙungiyoyin anionic na su na iya ɗaure da zaruruwa ta hanyar polyelectrolytes ko aluminum ions a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Hakanan suna iya haifar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic su daidaita waje, suna rage ƙarfin sama sosai. Misalan irin waɗannan surfactants sun haɗa da 1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Sha bakwai alkyl imidazoline carboxylic acid samu. Bugu da ƙari, duka cationic da amphoteric surfactants suna da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya hana takarda daga mold.

Organosilicon surfactants sun kasance na musamman surfactants, kuma cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts ana amfani da su azaman softeners.

Hakanan akwai wasu nau'ikan masu laushi da yawa, kamar stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, emulsified kakin zuma, da sauransu.

Antistatic wakili

A cikin samar da takarda da aka sarrafa ta musamman, wani lokacin ana iya fuskantar matsalolin anti-static. Yin amfani da surfactants don kula da ruwa na iya haifar da fili na hydrophilic. Wato, a matsayin wakili na anti-static, surfactant yana samar da ingantaccen adsorption a saman kayan, yana kafa ƙungiyar hydrophobic akan kayan abu. Ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic sun shimfiɗa zuwa sararin samaniya, suna ƙara haɓakar ion da kuma ɗaukar danshi na zaruruwa, yana haifar da al'amuran fitarwa da raguwar juriya na saman, don haka yana hana tarawar wutar lantarki. Surfactants amfani da matsayin anti-static jamiái suna da manyan hydrophobic kungiyoyin da karfi hydrophilic kungiyoyin. Abubuwan surfactants na cationic suna da mafi girman amfani da aiki mafi kyau, sannan masu amphoteric surfactants na biye da su.

Fiber watsawa

Babban aikin masu rarraba fiber shine don rage yawan ƙwayar fiber da inganta ƙirar takarda. Masu rarraba fiber na iya samar da tsarin bilayer akan saman zaruruwa. Ƙarshen iyakacin ƙaƙƙarfan mai watsawa na waje yana da ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa da ruwa, yana ƙara ƙimar jika ta ruwa da kuma mayar da wutar lantarki mai tsayi don cimma tarwatsewa. Masu rarraba fiber da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da polyacrylamide partially hydrolyzed (PAM), polyethylene oxide (PlEO), da dai sauransu. PEO yana da ɗanko mai kyau, mai kyau ruwa mai narkewa, da mai kyau mai kyau. Ƙara ƙasa da 0.05% zuwa babban takarda bayan gida na iya samun sakamako mai kyau na watsawa.

Aikace-aikace na girman girman da kuma shafi a cikin takarda

Siffar girman saman da lulluɓi duka sun haɗa da yin amfani da sinadarai a saman takarda, da farko don haɓaka kayan aikinta, haɓaka aikin bugawa, da amincin gabaɗayan. Amma akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin su biyun, babban bambanci shine cewa gluing na saman yana yawan amfani da adhesives kawai, yayin da sutura yana amfani da manne da pigments; Ana danna manne da aka yi amfani da shi don gyaran fuska a cikin takarda, yayin da aka yi amfani da pigment a saman takarda.

Surfactants don girman saman

Dangane da kayan, ana iya raba shi zuwa samfuran halitta da gyare-gyare da samfuran roba; Bisa ga dukiyar ionic, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in anionic, cationic da wadanda ba na ionic ba; bisa ga samfurin samfurin, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in maganin ruwa da nau'in ruwan shafa fuska. Adhesives da aka saba amfani da su suna da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic da hydrophilic, don haka faɗaɗa magana, duk su ne surfactants. Babban ma'auni na girman saman sun haɗa da sitaci da aka canza, polyvinyl barasa (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), da polyacrylamide (PAM). Ana iya zaɓar wakilai daban-daban masu girma dabam bisa ga buƙatu daban-daban. Misali: ① Don inganta juriya na ruwa, ana iya amfani da AKD, rosin da aka tarwatsa, paraffin, chromium chloride stearate, styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, da sauran latex na roba na roba; ② Don inganta juriya na man fetur, kwayoyin halitta masu laushi irin su perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymers, perfluorooctanoic acid chromium complexes, perfluoroalkyl phosphates, da dai sauransu za a iya ƙara ƙara anti adhesion ta ƙara silicone resin; ④ Inganta bugu aiki, yafi amfani da modified sitaci, CMC, PVA, da dai sauransu Inganta bushe da rigar ƙarfi ta ƙara PAM modified sitaci, da dai sauransu Don inganta bugu glossiness, CMC, sodium alginate, da sauran kayan da aka yafi amfani. Don inganta tasirin yanayin yanayin, yana da amfani a yi amfani da wakilai biyu ko fiye tare, kuma tasirin yana da mahimmanci.

Rufi surfactants

Abubuwan da ke tattare da sutura don sarrafa sutura sun haɗa da adhesives, pigments, da sauran ƙari. Rufin kanta wani abu ne mai rikitarwa, kuma ya bambanta dangane da takamaiman buƙatun takarda da abun da ke ciki. Surfactants suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kayan shafa na takarda, musamman ciki har da masu rarraba kayan shafa, masu cire foamers, lubricants, masu kiyayewa, magungunan anti-static, da latex na roba.

Mai watsawa mai rufi: Ita ce mafi mahimmancin ƙari a cikin sutura, yawancin su surfactants. Ayyukansa shine ① baiwa barbashi pigment tare da caji, haifar da su don haifar da karfi mai tsauri da juna; ② Rufe saman ɓangarorin pigment, yana aiki azaman colloid mai karewa; ③ Samar da babban danko a kusa da barbashi don hana ɓangarorin da yawa daga haɗuwa. Na farko dispersants amfani da su phosphates, polysilicates, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, da condensation samfurin na benzenesulfonic acid da formaldehyde, casein, Larabci guduro, da dai sauransu Sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, da sodium tetraphosphate ana amfani da dispersants a low m abun ciki coatings. A high m abun ciki coatings, high kwayoyin nauyi Organic dispersants kamar sodium polyacrylate bayani, sodium polymethacrylate da abubuwan da aka gyara, disodium gishiri bayani na diisobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer, kazalika da alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether da m barasa polyoxyethylene ether ake amfani.

Defoamer: sau da yawa ana samar da kumfa a cikin shirye-shiryen sutura da sutura, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarawa. Akwai galibi mafi girma alcohols, fatty acid esters, tributyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, da dai sauransu.

Lubricant: Don inganta haɓakar ruwa da lubric na kayan shafa na takarda, haɓaka mannewa, ba da suturar takarda da santsi da haske, haɓaka filastik, hana tsagewa, da haɓaka bugu na takarda mai rufi, ana iya ƙara man shafawa. Mafi yadu amfani man shafawa a halin yanzu su ne ruwa-soluble karfe sabulu surfactants wakilta calcium stearate, da sodium stearate ruwa-soluble man shafawa kuma suna da gagarumin tasiri. Paraffin hydrocarbons da amines fatty acid kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman mai mai.

Abubuwan kiyayewa: Wasu manne na halitta suna da saurin lalacewa da haɓakar ƙira, don haka yakamata a ƙara ƙwanƙwasa masu hana lalata a cikin takarda. Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants, fluorinated cyclic mahadi, Organic bromine da sulfur mahadi, N - (2-benzimidazolyl) carbamate (carbendazim), da dai sauransu an yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin takarda coatings.

Antistatic wakili: Ta ƙara octadecyltrimethylammonium fluoride, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, polystyrene sulfonate, da dai sauransu zuwa shafi dabara, takarda za a iya baiwa da anti-a tsaye Properties.

Latex na roba: Latex na roba shine manne mai mahimmancin sutura. A cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen na latex na roba, surfactants suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin emulsifiers, dispersants, stabilizers, da dai sauransu.
#Masana'antar sinadarai#
#Taimakon Rubutu#
#Sinadari na Rubutu#
#silicone softener#
#Masana'anta Silicone#