labaru

Manyan samfuranmu: silicone, mai silicone silicone, carpyme uradory inganta, carbon wingular elzing: Mangon enzyme urular, mangon enzyme urultory inganta, mangon na 385618619 (WhatsApp) ).

Babban dangantaka tsakanin Surfacts da Fining masana'antu

01 Tsakanin tashin hankali

Arfin da suke aiki don ƙulla saman ruwa a kowane tsayi naúrar ana kiransa tashin hankali, wanda aka auna a N · mel.

02 Surface aiki da Surfactsantants

Dukiyar da ke rage tashin hankali na wani irin ƙarfi aiki, kuma ana kiransa abubuwan da aka ambata a matsayin abubuwa masu aiki. Abubuwa masu aiki sune abubuwa masu aiki wanda zai iya samar da tara a cikin mafita na ruwa, kamar yadda miceles, kuma suna nuna babban aiki tare da ayyuka kamar wanna with.

Rukunin kwayoyin halittar 03

Surfactants kwayoyin halitta ne tare da tsarin musamman da kaddarorin; Zasu iya canza rikici tsakanin matakai biyu tsakanin matakai biyu ko kuma tashin hankali na ruwa (yawanci ruwa), yana nuna kaddarorin kamar rigar, da wankewa. Tsarin Suri, Surfacts suna musayar halayen abubuwa daban-daban na ƙunshe tsakanin kwayoyin halitta guda biyu a cikin kwayoyin da ba su da ruwa a cikin ruwa, wanda ke cikin ruwa, wanda aka sani da ƙungiyar hydrophobic. Wannan rukunin na Hydrophobic yawanci shine dogon sarkar hydrocarbonbon, kodayake hakan zai iya kunshi lalacewar ƙwayar halitta, kayan siliki, kayan siliki, ko sarƙoƙi na halitta, ko sarƙoƙi na halitta. Sauran ƙarshen yana da rukunin masu narkewa-ruwa, wanda aka sani da ƙungiyar hydrophilic. Groupungiyar Hydrophilic dole ne ya sami isasshen hydrophilicicity don tabbatar da cewa gaba ɗayan jinginai na iya narke cikin ruwa kuma yana da solubility. Saboda Surfactants suna dauke da ƙungiyoyi biyu na hydrophobic da hydrophobic, za su iya narkewa a kalla lokaci ɗaya na matsakaici. Wannan yanayin surfactort yana magana da shi a matsayin amphilicity.

04 nau'ikan surfactants

Surfactants sune kwayoyin ne kai tsaye tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu na hydrophilihilihili. Groupungiyar Hydrophobic ne gabaɗaya hydrocarbons na dogon-hydrocarbons, kamar su madaidaiciya-sarkar (C8-C20), Branched Alkanes (C8-C20lbenzenes (Carbon Carbon Atom mai lamba 8-16). Bambanci a cikin rukunin Hydrophobic musamman sun fito daga canji mai tsari a cikin charbon sarƙoƙi. Koyaya, bambancin kungiyoyin Hydrophilihilihili ne, saboda haka abubuwan Surfactants ana haɗa su ba kawai ga girman ƙungiyar ba amma har ma da gungun Hydrophabic. Za a iya rarraba Surfacts bisa tsarin kungiyar Hydrophilic, da farko dai Ionic, ya rarraba su cikin anisic, da kuma wasu nau'ikan surfactants na musamman.

05 kaddarorin Surfactant mafita

①ADWACKPEPPAPPONA A CIKIN SAUKI

Kwayoyin Surfactant suna dauke da ƙungiyoyi biyu na hydrophobic da Hydrophobic. Ruwa, kasancewa mai ƙarfi ruwa ruwa ruwa, lokacin da Surfactantantantsan narkewa a ciki, ya bi ka'idodin "makamancin". Kungiyar ta ta hydrophilic Mafi kwayoyin halitta (ko ions) cewa adsorb a cikin dubawa, mafi girman raguwa a cikin tashin hankali na Interfacial.

② kadarorin fina-finai

Tsarin matsin lamba na adsorbed fim: Surfactants samar da fina-finai adesorbed fina-finai a cikin motar mai gas. Misali, sanya wani ramuwar frating tickling a cikin dubawa na wani ruwa zai haifar da matsin lamba a kan tasoshin lokacin da aka tura fim ɗin a cikin ruwa. Ana kiran wannan matsin lamba.

Kwargwadon farfajiya: Kamar matsin lamba, danko farfajiya shine dukiyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar fina-finai marasa amfani. Ta hanyar dakatar da zoben platinum a kan kyakkyawan ƙarfe na ƙarfe don ya taɓa saman ruwa a cikin tanki, yana juyawa da zoben platinum yana nuna juriya saboda ruwan na ruwa. Lalacewar cikin amplitude da aka lura na iya auna danko; Bambanci a cikin lalata tsakanin tsarkakakken ruwa da kuma wanda ya ƙunshi fim ɗin ƙasa yana samar da danko na fim ɗin saman. Ingantaccen danko yana da alaƙa da ingantaccen fim; Tunda finafinan adsorbed sun mallaki matsin lamba da danko, su dole ne su hada eroation-recitity. Babban matsin lamba da kuma danko na adsorbed fim, mafi girma a cikin roba na roba.

③ samuwar

Halin Surfactants a cikin mafita hanyoyin yin biyayya da mafi kyau mafita. Yawan Surfactant Adsorbed a mafita mafita yana ƙaruwa kamar yadda aka magance mafi inganci har sai an cimma nasarar da aka samu, bayan wanda adsorption ba ya ƙaruwa sosai. Wadanda suka wuce kima kwayoyin a wannan lokacin ana tarwatsa ko kasancewa a cikin tsarin da aka zira. Dukkan hujjoji masu amfani da ka'idoji suna nuna cewa suna haifar da tara a cikin mafita, da alama. Mafi karancin maida hankali a wanne surfactants ya fara bayyana miceles ana kiranta muhimmin taro na micelle (CMC).

06 Hydrophilic Daidaitaccen Daidaita darajar (HLB)

HLB, gajere don daidaitawa mai nauyi, yana nuna daidaito tsakanin Hydrophilic da Lipophilic ƙungiyoyi a Surfactants. Restimar HLB mafi girma tana nuna ƙarfi hydrophilicity, yayin da akasin haka gaskiya ne ga ƙimar hlb.

Bayani game da dabi'un HLB **:Darajar HLB tana da dangi; Saboda haka, don kafa ka'idojin HLB, daidaitaccen abu na kayan da ba ya hydrophilic, kamar yadda aka sanya su a matakin karancin ruwa gaba daya fiye da 10 sune mayaudara sama da 10 su hydrophilic. Sabili da haka, yanayin binciken tsakanin Lipophilicity da Hydrophilicity yana kusa da 10. Ana iya yiwuwa amfani da Surfactants na Surfactants na iya zama da kyau daga dabi'un HLB.

Hlb

Aikace-aikace

Hlb

Aikace-aikace

1.5 ~ 3

W / o Rubuta wakilan wakilai

8 ~ 18

O / w Rubuta Emulsifiers

3.5 ~ 6

W / o Rubuta Emulsifiers

13 ~ 15

Kayan wanka

7 ~ 9

Weting Tements

15 ~ 18

Solubalk

Dangane da tebur, Surfacts sun dace da amfani azaman emulshifiers mai-in-da 6, yayin da waɗancan don maganin emulshifers ruwa suka faɗi tsakanin 8 zuwa 18.

② Dogara da ƙimar HLB (tsallake).

07 emulsification da solubilization

An emulsion is a system formed when one immiscible liquid is dispersed in another in the form of fine particles (droplets or liquid crystals). The emulsifier, wanda wani nau'in surfactant ne, yana da mahimmanci don inganta wannan tsarin da ba a iya amfani da wannan yanayin ta hanyar rage ƙarfin lantarki ba. Lokaci na lokaci a cikin droplet tsari a cikin emulsion ana kiranta da tarwatsa lokaci (ko kuma lokaci na ciki), yayin da ake kiranta ci gaba mai tsayi (ko mataki na waje).

①ulsifiers da emulsions

Emulsions gama gari sau da yawa ya ƙunshi lokaci ɗaya a matsayin ruwa ko maganin ruwa mai ruwa, ɗayan kuma azaman abu na halitta, kamar mai. Ya danganta da watsawa, emulsions za a iya rarrabe shi azaman man ruwa-man (w / o) inda aka watsa mai a cikin ruwa, ko ruwa-ruwa (o / w) inda aka tarwatsa ruwa a cikin mai. Haka kuma, hadaddun Emululons kamar w / o / w ko o / w / o na iya wanzu. Emulsififers suna hana emulsions ta hanyar rage yawan tashin hankali da kuma samar da membranes monomolanesular. Wani emulstifier dole adSorb ko tara a cikin dubawa zuwa wani tashin hankali na Interfacial da kuma impart caji caji, ko samar da fim mai kariya ta hanyar barbashi. Sakamakon haka, abubuwa masu amfani da aka yi amfani da su kamar emulsifers dole ne su sami ingantattun kungiyoyin, waɗanda Surfacts zasu iya bayarwa.

Hanyoyin rigakafin emulsion da abubuwan da suka shafi kwanciyar hankali

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don shirya emulsions: Hanyar hanyoyin watsa ruwa a cikin ƙananan ruwa, yayin da ta biyu ta ƙunshi narkar da taya a cikin wani kuma yana haifar da su tara yadda yakamata. Dankar wani emulsion yana nufin iyawar sa na tsayayya da hadadden taro wanda yake kaiwa zuwa rabuwa. Emulsions sune tsarin da babu makawa kai tsaye tare da makamashi kyauta, saboda haka amincinsu yana nuna lokacin kaiwa ga ma'auni daga emulsion. Lokacin da kitsenasa giya, acid na mai, da kuma ametty aminiya suna nan a cikin fim ɗin na Polar Organics tsari a cikin adsorbed Layer, ƙarfafa membrane membrane.

Emulsifiers ya ƙunshi Surfactants guda biyu ko fiye ana kiransu gauraye emulsifiers. Murmushi emulsifiers Adsorb a cikin kwayar ruwa mai ruwa, da kuma ma'amala mai mahimmanci na iya samar da adadin Adsorbate da kuma samar da adadin Adsorbate da kuma samar da adadin Membranes.

An caje droplets da yawa a bayyane yake rinjayi kwanciyar hankali. A cikin tsayayyen emulsions, droplets yawanci ɗaukar cajin lantarki. Lokacin da ionic emulsifers ana amfani da, ƙarshen hydrophobobi na ionic an haɗa shi cikin tsarin mai, yayin da ƙarshen hydrophilic ya kasance a cikin lokacin ruwa, ba a kula da cajin droplets. Kamar caji tsakanin dropants yana haifar da tursasawa da hana coulescence, wanda inganta kwanciyar hankali. Don haka, mafi girma taro na emulsifier ions adsorbets a kan droplets, mafi girman cajin su da kuma girman kwanciyar hankali emululon.

Kwargwadon na daidaitaccen matsakaici shima yana shafar kwanciyar hankali na emulsion. Gabaɗaya, matsi mai kyau na danko yana haɓaka kwanciyar hankali saboda sun fi ƙarfin motsi na launin ruwan kasa na droplets, suna rage yawan rikice-rikice. Abubuwa masu nauyi-kwayar cuta da ke narkewa a cikin emulsion na iya haɓaka danko da kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa masu nauyi-moluquular na iya haifar da kwararar membranes na ɓoye, gaba da haɓaka emulsion. A wasu halaye, ƙara ƙarfi powders iya kama da kama emulsions. Idan barbashi mai ƙarfi suna da cikakkiyar ruwa sosai da ruwa, za a iya murmurewa da mai, za a riƙe su a wurin zamantakewar ruwa. Adalta powed mai tsaurin kai tsaye ta hanyar inganta fim ɗin yayin da suke gungu a cikin dubawa, da yawa kamar Surfacts Surfacts.

Surfactants na inganta warwarewar mahadi na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da insolable ko dan kadan solable cikin ruwa bayan miceles ya kafa a cikin mafita. A wannan lokacin, maganin ya bayyana a sarari, kuma wannan damar ana kiransa Solubilization. Surfacts wanda zai iya inganta Sifubilization ana kiransa Silubalmers, yayin da ake kiranta ƙwayoyin kwayoyin da ake kira su azaman Solubilates.

08 Foam

Kumfa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakai na wanke. Foam kumfa yana nufin tsarin rarraba gas da aka watsa a cikin ruwa ko m, mai laushi mai laushi, kamar filastik mai ruwa, gilashin kumfa, da kuma sanyaya.

(1) samuwar kumfa

Kalmar kumfa tana nufin tarin kumburin iska da aka raba ta fina-finai. Saboda yawan bambanci sosai tsakanin gas (lokaci na tarwatsa) da ruwa (matsakaicon matsakaici), da ƙananan danko na ruwa, kumfa mai sauri ya tashi zuwa farfajiya. Tsarin kumfa ya ƙunshi haɗa gas mai gas a cikin ruwa; Bubbles sannan da sauri ya koma ga farfajiya, ƙirƙirar taro na kumburin iska dabam dabam da wani ɗan ƙaramin fim ɗin. Game da halaye guda biyu daban-daban game da cututtukan cututtuka: da farko, kumburin gas sau da yawa suna ɗaukar sifa ce ta bakin ciki don zama da bakin ciki, ƙarshe yana haifar da kumburi da kumfa. Na biyu, tsarkakakkun ruwa ba zai iya samar da kumfa mai kyau ba; Aƙalla ɓangarorin biyu dole ne su kasance don ƙirƙirar kumfa. Magani mai lalacewa shine tsarin da ke haifar da tsarin kumfa wanda aka haɗa ƙarfin damfani wanda aka danganta shi da sauran kaddarorin. Surfacts tare da kyawawan kayayyaki masu kyau ana kiransu wakilan wasanni. Kodayake yana ba da damar da wakilai masu kyau, kumfa suna samar da ƙila, ma'ana rashin amincin su ba shi da tabbacin ba. Don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na kumfa, abubuwa da haɓaka haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na iya kara su; Waɗannan ana kiransu masu karfafa gwiwa, tare da masu maganin bincike na yau da kullun gami da Luuryal Matahanolamille da kuma oxides na DimewaCyl Amine.

(2) Duridar Tsaro

Foam abu ne mai amfani da hankali; Matsayinta na halitta na halitta yana haifar da lalacewa, don haka rage rage ruwa na saman yanki da rage kuzari. Tsarin defoam ya ƙunshi ainihin bakin cikin fim ɗin ruwa ya raba gas har sai abin da ya faru. Matsayi na Zamani na kumfa shine yada tasiri ta hanyar yawan magudanar ruwa da ƙarfin fim ɗin ruwa. Abubuwan da suka fi tasiri sun haɗa da:

A tashin hankali na farko: Daga wani mai kirkirar hangen nesa, ƙananan tashin hankali ya fi tavoration foram formation amma baya bada tabbacin zaman lafiyar kumfa. Rashin tashin hankali na ƙasa yana nuna ƙaramin matsin lamba na matsin lamba, yana haifar da saurin magudanar ruwa mai ruwa da tsinkaye fim ɗin, duka biyun su zama kwanciyar hankali.

Ita danko: mahimmin mahimmanci a cikin kwanciyar hankali shine ƙarfin fim ɗin ruwa, da farko ƙaddara ta hanyar haɓakar fim ɗin adsorware. Sakamakon gwaji yana nuna cewa mafita tare da babban danko tare da kumfa mai tsawo saboda inganta hulɗa da kayan aikin da muhimmanci sosai ƙarfin ƙarfin.

③ danko mai kyau: Ingantaccen danko a cikin ruwa kanta jinkirin magudanar ruwa daga membrane, don haka tsawanta rayuwar fim ɗin da ke gab da faruwa, inganta tsayayyen ruwa.

Matsa tashin hankali "gyara" Action: Surfactsantantattun abubuwa Adsorbed zuwa membrane na iya magance fadada ko ƙanƙantar da firam; Ana kiran wannan aikin gyara. A lokacin da Surfactants adsorb zuwa fim ɗin ruwa da faɗaɗa shi yankinta, wannan yana rage yawan taro a farfajiya da ƙara tashin hankali. Tattaunawa, ƙanƙancewa tana haifar da ƙara yawan taro a farfajiya a farfajiya kuma daga baya yana rage tashin hankali.

Has da yaduwar ruwa ta hanyar fim mai ruwa: Saboda matsi mai ƙarfi, yana haifar da ƙarancin kumfa don haɓaka, mafi girma sakamakon lalacewa da yawa. Ainihin aikace-aikacen Surfactants yana haifar da uniform, an rarraba kumfa mai yawa da kuma hana ƙazanta lalata. Tare da Surfactants da ƙarfi cushe a fim ɗin ruwa, an hana gasasshen gas, don haka inganta kwanciyar hankali na kumfa.

Fim na Babban fim: Idan fim fim ɗin yana ɗaukar wannan cajin, saman biyu za su riƙe juna, yana hana fim ɗin daga bakin ciki ko kuma ya karye. Ionic Surfacts na iya samar da wannan sakamako mai ɗorewa. A taƙaice, ƙarfin fim ɗin ruwa shine mahimmancin mahimmancin ƙira. Surfactantsan wasan kwaikwayo suna aiki kamar yadda wakilai na firgita suka sanya kwayoyin halitta a hankali, saboda haka ne hana karfin hadin kai daga fim din makwabta, yana yin kwanciyar hankali sosai.

(3) lalata kumfa

Babban ka'idar halayyar kumfa na coam ya ƙunshi sauya yanayin da ke samar da coam ko kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da hanyoyin shayarwa da sunadarai. Defoaming na zahiri yana kula da tsarin sunadarai na kayan masarufi yayin canza yanayi kamar hargitsi na waje, da kuma canje-canje na ultrasonic, duk hanyoyi masu tasiri don kawar da kumfa. Memal defoaming yana nufin ƙari ga wasu abubuwa waɗanda ke yin hulɗa tare da wakilan fim a cikin kumfa, suna rage yanayin kwanciyar hankali da ci gaba da damfara. Ana kiran waɗannan abubuwa masu ma'ana, yawancinsu suna. Defoamers yawanci yana haifar da sananniyar ikon rage yawan tashin hankali kuma yana iya gabatar da adsorb zuwa saman, tare da maimaitawa a tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, saboda haka ƙirƙirar tsarin kwayoyin halitta da aka shirya. Nau'in Defoamer suna bambance-bambofi, amma galibi baƙon abinci ne, masu ƙyallen kitse, polyamai, possphates da aka saba amfani da su a matsayin kyawawan silicone.

(4) kumfa da tsaftacewa

Yawan kumfa baya daidaitawa da ingancin tsabtatawa; Karin kumfa ba ya nufin mafi kyawun tsaftacewa. Misali, baƙon da baƙon abu na iya samar da coamasa fiye da sabulu, amma suna iya samun damar tsabtatawa. Koyaya, a wasu yanayi, kumfa na iya taimakawa cire datti; Misali, kumfa daga wanke jita-jita yana taimaka wa maiko, yayin tsaftace kifin yana ba da kumfa don cire datti da m gurbata. Haka kuma, kumfa na iya nuna tasirin abin wanka; Wuce kima mai yawa na mai yawa sau da yawa yana hana fitowar kumfa, yana haifar da ƙarancin kumfa ko rage yawan kumfa. Ari ga haka, kumfa na iya zama mai nuna alama ga tsabta na rinsing, kamar matakan kumfa a cikin kurkura ruwa sau da yawa ya ragu tare da ƙananan abubuwan sha.

Tsarin wanka na 09

Da yake magana cikin tsananin magana, wanka shine aiwatar da cire abubuwan da ba'a so daga abin da ake tsabtace su cimma wata manufa ba. A cikin sharuddan gama gari, wankon yana nufin cire datti daga saman mai ɗaukar kaya. A lokacin wanka, wasu abubuwan sunadarai (kamar kayan masarufi) suna yin rauni ko kawar da ma'amala tsakanin datti da mai dorawa, suna ba da izinin rabuwa da datti da kuma abin sha. Ganin cewa a tsabtace abubuwa da datti wanda ke buƙatar cirewa na iya bambanta sosai, wanka shine tsari mai rikitarwa, wanda za'a iya sauƙaƙe cikin dangantaka mai zuwa:

Carrier • datti + datti = datti + datti • datti. Ana iya raba tsarin wankewa zuwa matakai biyu:

1. An rabu da datti daga mai ɗaukar kaya a ƙarƙashin aikin abin wanka;

2. Distrated datti ya watse kuma an dakatar da shi a cikin matsakaici. Tsarin Wanke yana juyawa, ma'ana da datti ko dakatar da datti na iya sake sake sake zama a kan tsabtace abu mai tsabta. Don haka, ingantaccen kayan wanka ba kawai buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙazamar datti daga mai ɗauka ba har ma don watsa da dakatar da datti, yana hana shi daga farfadowa.

(1) nau'ikan datti

Ko da abu guda na iya tara nau'ikan daban-daban, abubuwan da aka yi, da kuma datti da datti dangane da mahallin amfani. Manta da datti ya ƙunshi dabba iri-iri da mai, mai ma'adinai (kamar mai mai, kamar na mai, mahaifa, da sauransu); M datti ya hada da sakin hankali kamar soot, ƙura, tsatsa, da carbon baki. Game da suturar tufafi, zai iya samo asali ne daga asirin ɗan adam kamar gumi, sebum, da jini; Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da abinci kamar 'ya'yan itace ko ƙwayoyin mai da kayan yaji; sharan gona daga kayan kwalliya kamar lifstick da ƙusa na goge; Mummunan AtmoSpheric kamar hayaƙi, ƙura, da ƙasa; Kuma ƙarin stains kamar tawada, shayi, da fenti. Wannan nau'ikan datti zai iya zama gaba ɗaya cikin m, ruwa, da nau'ikan musamman.

M datti: Misalai gama gari sun haɗa da soot, laka, da kuma cututtukan ƙura, yawancin waɗanda suke da caji-sau da yawa an caje su-sau da yawa da sauƙi a caja. Mace mai ƙarfi yana ƙasa da ƙasa mai narkewa cikin ruwa amma ana iya tarwatsa kuma an dakatar da shi a cikin kayan wanka. Barbashi karami fiye da 0.1μm na iya zama musamman kalubale don cirewa.

② Liquel ruwa datti: Waɗannan sun haɗa da abubuwa masu narkewa wanda yake mai narkewa mai mai, wanda ya haɗe da kayan dabbobi, giya mai, da aski. Yayin da dabbobi da kayan lambu da kitse na kitse zasu iya yin amfani da alkalis don samar da soaps, giya mai lalacewa, kuma ana iya narkar da daskararren kayan maye, kuma ana iya lalata shi da abubuwan sha da abin sha. Liin Oily datti yawanci yana da tabbaci a gaba ɗaya don fibrous kayan da karfi ma'amala.

I ③ datti musamman: wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi sunadarai, tauraruwa, jini, da raunin ɗan adam kamar gumi da fitsari, da 'ya'yan itace shayi. Wadannan kayan galibi suna da karfi a hankali ga zaruruwa ta hanyar hada-hadar sunadarai, yana sa su wahala su wanke. Yawancin nau'ikan datti da da ba a sani ba, maimakon haka suke haɗuwa tare kuma suna bi gaba ɗaya zuwa saman. Sau da yawa, a ƙarƙashin tasirin waje, datti na iya oxidize, bazu, ba da izini, ko lalata, samar da sabbin siffofin datti.

(2) Ingantaccen datti

Rattawa da datti ga kayan da fata saboda wasu hulɗa tsakanin abu da datti. Ingantaccen karfi tsakanin datti kuma abu na iya haifar da ko dai na yau da kullun ko na sunadarai.

Idungiyar ta zahiri: Adada datti kamar soot, ƙura, da laka sun haɗa da rashin ƙarfi na zahiri. Gabaɗaya, ana iya cire waɗannan nau'ikan datti cikin sauƙi saboda yawan tasirinsu, wanda yafi taso daga sojojin injin ko wutan lantarki.

A: Mashin injiniyoyi **: Wannan yawanci yana nufin datti mai kauri kamar ƙura ko kuma yashi da ke da sauƙi a cire, wanda ya zama mai sauƙi don cirewa, wanda yake da matukar sauƙi a tsabtace.

B: TARIHI NA GASKIYA **: Wannan ya shafi cajinta mara misaltuwa yana hulɗa tare da akasarin kayan; Yawancin lokaci, kayan fibrous suna ɗaukar caji marasa kyau, suna ba su damar jawo hankalin masu ba da alama kamar wasu gishiri. Wasu barbashi da aka caje su iya tarawa kan wadannan zaruruwa ta hanyar ƙauyukan gado na ionic da suka samo asali ne ta hanyar ions a cikin mafita.

② Mabusion na sunadarai: wannan yana nufin datti na yin datti a wani abu ta hanyar shaidu na sunadarai. Misali, datti m datti ko kayan kamar tsatsa sun kirkiro da manyan masu aikin sunadarai kamar su carbox na aiki kamar su cikin kayan fibrous. Wadannan shaidu suna haifar da ma'amala mai ƙarfi, suna sa ya fi wahala a cire irin wannan datti; Abubuwan da ke musamman na musamman na iya zama dole su tsaftace yadda ya kamata. Matsayi na datti na ƙazanta ya dogara da duk abubuwan da ke cikin datti da kanta da kuma waɗanda ke cikin saman shi yake bi.

(3) hanyoyin cire datti

Manufar wanka shine a kawar da datti. Wannan ya shafi ayyukan da aka bambanta da kayan maye da kayan wanka don raunana tasirin da datti, ko tasirin injin na wanke, a ƙarshe yana haifar da rabuwa da datti.

① Hanyar Cirewa Mai Girma

A: Weatherness: Mafi yawan datti datti yana da mai da kuma oily don rigar fibrous daban-daban, samar da fim mai kyau fim a saman su. Mataki na farko da ke wanka shine aikin wanka wanda ke haifar da rigar farfajiya.
B: Motsa inji ga cire mai: Mataki na biyu na cire datti na ruwa yana faruwa ta hanyar tsarin dorcup. Ron ruwa wanda yake yaduwa azaman fim a farfajiya na ci gaba cikin nutsuwa saboda abubuwan da aka fi so a saman farfajiya, a ƙarshe ana maye gurbinsu da ruwan wanke.

② inji mai daskararru datti

Ba kamar da datti datti ba, cire daskararren datti ya dogara da ikon wanke ruwa a saman ikon datti da kuma farfajiya na kayan ɗauka. ADSorption of Surfactants a saman m datti da mai ɗaukar kaya yana rage karfin hulɗa, yana sa su sauƙaƙa cire. Bugu da ƙari, surfactantsan Suri, musamman tsinkaye na ionic, na iya ƙara yawan ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙazanta da kuma kayan duniya, yana sauƙaƙe kara cire.

Noniyyakin da ba na alama ba endorb gaba ɗaya cajin m m kuma na iya samar da gagarumar adsorbed Layer, yana haifar da rage girman datti. Duk da haka, duk da haka, na iya rage ƙarfin lantarki na datti da mai ɗaukar nauyi, wanda ke haifar da raguwa da ƙura da datti.

③ cire datti na musamman

Hanyoyin abinci na yau da kullun na iya gwagwarmaya da mai kama da mai taurin sunadarai, tauraruwa, jini, da jin zafi. Enzymes kamar Tsaro na iya cire furotin sosai ta hanyar rushe sunadarai zuwa cikin amino acid mai narkewa ko peptides. Hakazalika, za a iya bazu ga starches zuwa sukari ta Amylase. Lipases na iya taimakawa wajen lalata rashin ingancin Triacynlglyces waɗanda galibi suna da wuya a cire ta hanyar al'ada hanyar. Murmu daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace, shayi, ko tawada wani lokacin suna buƙatar oxidizing jami'ai ko masu araha, waɗanda suka amsa da ƙungiyoyin-mai launi don lalata su cikin gungumen ruwa mai narkewa.

(4) Hanyar tsarkakewa

Points din da aka ambata game da farko don wanka da ruwa. Koyaya, saboda bambancin masana'anta, wasu kayan bazai amsa da kyau ga wanke ruwa, da sauransu ficiki da yawa na canje-canje da sauƙi ba. Saboda haka, tsabtataccen tsabtatawa, yawanci amfani da abubuwan da kwayoyin cuta, galibi ana fifita su ne ga waɗannan furannin.

Ruwan tsabtatawa mai laushi yana da matsanancin wanki, saboda yana rage yawan aikin injin da zai iya lalata sutura. Don ingantaccen datti na cire a cikin tsabtatawa bushe, an rarrabe datti cikin manyan nau'ikan guda uku:

Me-datti datti: Wannan ya hada mai mai da mai, wanda ke narke a hankali a cikin daskararren cututtukan tsabtatawa.

Murrusle datti na ruwa: wannan nau'in zai iya narke cikin ruwa amma ba a cikin tsabtataccen ƙwayar cuta ba, wanda aka haɗa da kayan ado na ciki, tauraruwa, da sunadarai sau ɗaya suna taushe ruwa.

Rashin datti wanda ba mai mai- ko ruwa-mai ruwa mai ruwa: wannan ya hada da abubuwa kamar carbon baƙar fata da ƙarfe waɗanda ba su narke a cikin matsakaici ba.

Kowane nau'in datti yana buƙatar dabaru daban-daban don cirewar mai tasiri yayin tsabtatawa. An cire datti mai narkewa ta amfani da abubuwan kwayoyin saboda abubuwan da suka yi kyau saboda ingantaccen karuwa a cikin rashin ƙarfi. Don ruwan da ruwa mai narkewa, isasshen ruwa dole ne ya kasance a cikin wakilin tsabtatawa na tsabtatawa tun da ruwa yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen cire datti. Abin takaici, tunda ruwa yana da ƙarancin ƙila a cikin wakilan tsabtatawa bushe, ana yawan ƙara surfactants don taimakawa haɗa ruwa.

Surfacts suna inganta damar tsaftacewa ga ruwa da taimako wajen tabbatar da Solubable impuritius na ruwa mai narkewa a cikin micelles. Bugu da ƙari, surfactants na iya hana datti daga samar da sabbin adibas bayan wanka, inganta ingancin tsabtace. Kullu da ƙari na ruwa yana da mahimmanci don cire waɗannan abubuwan ƙazanta, amma adadin da yawa na iya haifar da murdiya ruwa, don haka ya zama doleɗa kayan masarufi a cikin mafita na tsabtatawa.

(5) Abubuwa 5 suna tasiri suna aiwatar da aikin wanka

ADSORPPPLONA NA SARKIN SARKIN SIFFOFIN CIKIN SAUKI DA KYAUTA A CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN SAUKI DON Cire ruwa ko datti mai kauri. Koyaya, wanka ne da ba a sani ba, rinjayi abubuwa da yawa a duk ma irin wannan rigakafin kayan wanka. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da taro mai ban sha'awa, zazzabi, datti kaddarorin, da nau'in firam.

① maida hankali kan Surfactants: Micelles kafa ta Surfacts suna taka rawar gani a wankewa. Ingantaccen Ingantaccen Ingantarwa na ƙaruwa da zarar an yi ijara da maida hankali kanzarcin micelle tare da maida hankali sama da CMC don wankewa sosai. Koyaya, maida hankali ne a sama da cmc yana yawan amfani da ya dawo, yin idara mai yawa ba dole ba.

A sakamakon zazzabi: zazzabi yana da tasiri mai girma akan ingancin tsabtace. Gabaɗaya, mafi girma yanayin zafi sauƙaƙe cire datti; Koyaya, zafi mai yawa na iya samun illa mai illa. Taso zafin jiki yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa dattijojin datti kuma yana iya haifar da datti mai narkewar shafawa sosai. Duk da haka, a cikin m yadudduka masana'antu, ƙara yawan zafin jiki yin ribers Sweets zai iya rage ingancin cirewa.

Tashin zazzabi har ila yau yana tasiri Surfactant Surfactant, CMC, da micelle kirga, saboda haka tasiri mai iya ingantawa. Ga Surfactants da yawa, ƙananan yanayin zafi ya rage ƙyalli, wani lokacin da ke ƙasa da su CMC; Don haka, dumama mai dacewa na iya zama dole don kyakkyawan aiki. Yunkurin Zazzabi akan CMC da Mikeles sun bambanta da ionic game da Surfin Surfacts na yau da kullun daukaka Surfactants na Ionic, don haka suna buƙatar daidaitawa.

Foam: Akwai rashin fahimta gama gari danganta da ikon fadada tare da wanke tasiri - mafi kumfa ba ya daidaita da wankewa. Tabbataccen shaida yana ba da shawarar cewa kayan girki masu ƙarancin ƙamshi na iya zama daidai da tasiri. Koyaya, kumfa na iya taimaka da datti cirewa a wasu aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, kamar a cikin shummwing, inda tsabtatawa ke tsaftace man shafawa ko a cikin tsabtatawa. Haka kuma, kasancewar kumfa na iya nuna ko kayan wanka suna aiki; Wuce haddi na iya hana foam formation, yayin da rage kumfa da ke nuna rage rage girki.

④ nau'in fiber na sama: Fiye da tsarin sunadarai, bayyanar da oationungiyar zaruruwa suna rinjayar datti da wahala. Gobers tare da m ko lebur tsari, kamar ulu ko auduga, etayan don tarko da datti da yawa fiye da sikelin. Hanyoyin da aka saka a hankali na iya tsayayya da yaduwa da yawa na iya tsayayya da datti amma zasu iya hana walwala mai inganci saboda iyakance dama ga datti.

A wuya na ruwa: maida hankali ne na ca²⁺, mg²⁺, da sauran ions tasirin da ke faruwa, musamman ga surfacle salts wanda zai iya samar da ingantaccen tsabtatawa da ke raguwa. A cikin ruwa mai wuya ko da tare da ingantaccen maida hankali, tsaftace tasiri ya faɗi gajeriyar idan aka kwatanta da distilled ruwa. Don ingantaccen aiki mai kyau, dole ne a rage yawan cair zuwa ƙasa 1 × 10⁻⁶ Mol / 1 MG / L), sau da yawa yana buƙatar haɗa wasu wakilan ruwa mai santsi a cikin kayan wanka.


Lokacin Post: Sat-05-2024