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    Demulsifier

    Tun da wasu daskararrun ba su iya narkewa a cikin ruwa, lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan daskararru suna cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa, za su iya kasancewa cikin ruwa a cikin yanayin emulsified ƙarƙashin motsawa ta hanyar hydraulic ko ikon waje, ƙirƙirar emulsion.
    Theoretically wannan tsarin ne m, amma idan akwai gaban wasu surfactants (ƙasa barbashi, da dai sauransu), zai sa emulsification jihar sosai tsanani, ko da biyu bulan suna da wuya a raba, mafi hankula shi ne mai-ruwa cakuda a cikin man-ruwa rabuwa da ruwa-mai cakuda a najasa magani, da biyu bulan samar da wani karin barga man - a cikin ruwa tsarin ko lantarki tushen tsarin. tsarin Layer".
    A wannan yanayin, ana sanya wasu wakilai don tarwatsa tsayayyen tsarin bilayer na lantarki tare da daidaita tsarin emulsification don cimma rabuwar bangarorin biyu. Wadannan jami'ai da ake amfani da su don cimma rushewar emulsification ana kiran su emulsion breakers.

    Babban Aikace-aikace

    Demulsifier wani abu ne na surfactant, wanda zai iya lalata tsarin tsarin emulsion-kamar ruwa, don cimma manufar emulsion a cikin rabuwa na matakai daban-daban. Danyen mai deemulsification yana nufin amfani da sinadaran sakamako na emulsion karya wakili don barin mai da ruwa a cikin emulsified man-ruwa cakuda don cimma manufar danyen mai dehydration, domin tabbatar da misali na danyen mai ruwa abun ciki na waje watsa.
    Ingantacciyar rabuwar kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mai ruwa, daya daga cikin mafi sauki kuma mafi inganci hanyoyin shine amfani da demulsifier don kawar da emulsification don samar da ƙirar emulsified tare da wani ƙarfi don cimma rabuwar sassan biyu. Duk da haka, daban-daban demulsifier da daban-daban emulsion karya ikon ga kwayoyin lokaci, da kuma yi shi kai tsaye rinjayar biyu-lokaci rabuwa sakamako. A cikin aiwatar da samar da penicillin, hanya mai mahimmanci ita ce a fitar da penicillin daga broth na fermentation na penicillin tare da kaushi mai ƙarfi (kamar butyl acetate). Tun da fermentation broth ya ƙunshi hadaddun sunadarai, sugars, mycelium, da dai sauransu, da ke dubawa tsakanin kwayoyin da ruwayen ruwa bulan ba a sani ba a lokacin hakar, da emulsification yankin ne na wani tsanani, wanda yana da babban tasiri a kan yawan amfanin ƙasa na ƙãre kayayyakin.

    Demulsifier na gama-gari - Waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan demulsifier marasa ionic da aka saba amfani da su a filin mai.

    SP-type Demulsifier

    Babban bangaren SP-type emulsion breaker shine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, tsarin tsarin tsarin tsarin shine R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, inda: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic barasa; x, y, z-polymerization digiri.SP-type demulsifier yana da bayyanar haske mai launin rawaya mai haske, ƙimar HLB na 10 ~ 12, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Nau'in SP-nau'in da ba na ionic demulsifier yana da mafi kyawun sakamako mai lalacewa akan ɗanyen mai na tushen paraffin. Sashinsa na hydrophobic ya ƙunshi carbon 12 ~ 18 sarƙoƙi na hydrocarbon, kuma rukunin hydrophilic shine hydrophilic ta hanyar ayyukan hydroxyl (-OH) da ether (-O-) ƙungiyoyi a cikin kwayoyin halitta da ruwa don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen. Tun da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da ether suna da rauni na hydrophilic, kawai ɗaya ko biyu hydroxyl ko ƙungiyoyin ether ba za su iya cire rukunin hydrophobic na carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon sarkar cikin ruwa ba, dole ne a sami fiye da ɗaya irin wannan rukunin hydrophilic don cimma manufar solubility na ruwa. Mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halittar da ba na ionic demulsifier ba, mafi tsayin sarkar kwayoyin halitta, yawan hydroxyl da rukunin ether da ke cikinsa, mafi girman ikon jan shi, yana da ƙarfi da ikon lalata ɗanyen mai. Wani dalili kuma da ya sa SP demulsifier ya dace da ɗanyen mai na paraffin shine cewa ɗanyen mai na paraffin ya ƙunshi babu ko ɗan ɗanɗano da asphaltene, ƙarancin lipophilic surfactant abubuwa da ƙarancin ƙarancin dangi. Don danyen mai tare da babban danko da abun ciki na asphaltene (ko abun ciki na ruwa fiye da 20%), ikon lalata nau'in demulsifier na nau'in SP ya fi rauni saboda tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya, babu tsarin sarkar reshe da tsarin ƙanshi.

    Nau'in AP Demulsifier

    Type De Drassifier ne Polyoxypropropylene Polyether tare da Polyethypyethactant na da yawa na Kamfanin: EO) X (EO) X (EO) X (eo) PO - polyoxypropylene; R - barasa mai mai; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - digiri na polymerization.
    Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in)tsami mai daskarewa. Idan demulsifier na nau'in SP ya daidaita kuma ya lalata emulsion a cikin 55 ~ 60 ℃ da 2h, nau'in demulsifier na AP kawai yana buƙatar daidaitawa da lalata emulsion a cikin 45 ~ 50 ℃ da 1.5h. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sifofin tsarin ƙwaya mai lalata nau'in AP. Mafarin polyethylene polyamine yana ƙayyade tsarin tsarin kwayar halitta: sarkar kwayar halitta tana da tsayi kuma tana da rassa, kuma ƙarfin hydrophilic ya fi na SP-type demulsifier tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya. Halayen sarkar da yawa reshe ƙayyade AP-type demulsifier yana da babban wettability da permeability, a lokacin da danyen mai demulsifying, AP-type demulsifier kwayoyin iya sauri shiga cikin mai-ruwa dubawa fim, fiye da SP-type demulsifier kwayoyin na a tsaye guda kwayoyin fim tsari ya mamaye mafi fili tasiri, don haka ne a fili karaya tasiri yankin, shi ne bayyananne sakamako. A halin yanzu, irin wannan nau'in demulsifier shine mafi kyawun abin da ba na ion ba da ake amfani dashi a filin mai na Daqing.

    Demulsifier nau'in AE

    Demulsifier nau'in AE shine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether tare da polyethylene polyamine azaman mai ƙaddamarwa, wanda shine nau'in reshe da yawa na nonionic surfactant. Idan aka kwatanta da demulsifier nau'in AP, bambancin shine nau'in demulsifier nau'in AE shine polymer mai mataki biyu tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da gajerun sarƙoƙi masu rassa. Tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine: D (PO) x (EO) yH, inda: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - digiri na polymerization. Ko da yake matakan kwayoyin halitta na AE-type demulsifier da AP-type demulsifier sun bambanta sosai, amma tsarin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya ne, kawai a cikin nau'in monomer da bambance-bambancen tsari na polymerization.
    (1) Demulsifier guda biyu marasa ionic a cikin ƙirar ƙira, kai da wutsiya na adadin kayan da aka yi amfani da su sun bambanta, wanda ya haifar da tsayin ƙwayoyin polymerization kuma sun bambanta.
    (2) AP-type demulsifier molecule is bipartite, tare da polyethylene polyamine a matsayin mai farawa, da kuma polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization don samar da toshe copolymers: AE-type demulsifier kwayoyin halitta ne bipartite, tare da polyethylene polyamine a matsayin initiator, da polyoxyethylene, da polyoxyethylene, da polyoxyethylene forming polypropylene. Ya kamata kwayoyin demulsifier ya kasance ya fi tsayi fiye da nau'in dimulsifier nau'in AE.
     

    Nau'in AE-tsari ne mai nau'i-nau'i-nau'i da yawa na ɗanyen mai demulsifier, wanda kuma ya dace da lalatawar ɗanyen mai na asphaltene. Mafi yawan abun ciki na surfactant lipophilic a cikin ɗanyen mai bituminous, ƙarfin ƙarfin danko, ƙaramin bambanci tsakanin mai da ruwa mai yawa, ba sauƙin lalata emulsion ba. Ana amfani da demulsifier na nau'in AE don lalata emulsion da sauri, kuma a lokaci guda, nau'in demulsifier na nau'in AE shine mafi kyawun rage danko mai kakin zuma. Saboda da Multi-branched tsarin na kwayoyin, shi ne mai sauqi ga samar da kananan cibiyoyin sadarwa, sabõda haka, guda lu'ulu'u na paraffin da aka riga aka kafa a cikin danyen man fetur fada cikin wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa, hana free motsi na guda lu'ulu'u na paraffin kuma ba zai iya haɗi da juna, forming da net tsarin na paraffin, rage danko da kuma daskarewa batu na kakin zuma a crystal man da kuma hana wani dalili na daskarewa da kakin zuma a cikin man fetur da kuma hana daskarewa. anti-kakin zuma.

    Demulsifier nau'in AR

    AR-nau'in demulsifier an yi shi da resin alkyl phenolic (AR resin) da polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene da sabon nau'in demulsifier mai narkewa mai narkewa, ƙimar HLB na kusan 4 ~ 8, ƙarancin zafin jiki na 35 ~ 45 ℃. Tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine: AR (PO) x (EO) yH, inda: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR - guduro; x, y, z-digiri na polymerization.A cikin aiwatar da haɗar demulsifier, resin AR yana aiki azaman mai ƙaddamarwa kuma yana shiga cikin kwayoyin demulsifier don zama ƙungiyar lipophilic. Halayen AR-type demulsifier su ne: kwayoyin ba su da girma, a cikin hali na danyen mai solidification batu sama da 5 ℃ yana da kyau narkar da, yadawa, shigar da sakamako, m emulsified ruwa droplets flocculation, agglomeration. Yana iya cire fiye da 80% na ruwa daga danyen mai tare da abun ciki na ruwa na 50% ~ 70 % a ƙasa da 45 ℃ da 45 min don cire fiye da 80% na ruwa daga danyen mai tare da abun ciki na ruwa na 50 % zuwa 70 %, wanda ba zai iya kwatantawa da nau'in SP da AP-type demulsifier.
    Lokacin aikawa: Maris 22-2022