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    Demulsifier

    Tun da wasu daskararrun ba su iya narkewa a cikin ruwa, lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan daskararru suna cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa, za su iya kasancewa cikin ruwa a cikin yanayin emulsified ƙarƙashin motsawa ta hanyar hydraulic ko ikon waje, ƙirƙirar emulsion.
    A ka'ida wannan tsarin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, amma idan akwai gaban wasu surfactants (ƙasar ƙasa, da dai sauransu), zai sa yanayin emulsification ya kasance mai tsanani, har ma da nau'i biyu suna da wuya a rabu, mafi yawanci shine cakuda mai-ruwa. a cikin rarrabuwar mai-ruwa da cakuda ruwa-mai a cikin maganin najasa, sassan biyu suna samar da ingantaccen mai a cikin ruwa ko tsarin mai-a cikin mai, tushen ka'idar shine "tsarin layin lantarki biyu".
    A wannan yanayin, ana sanya wasu wakilai don tarwatsa tsayayyen tsarin bilayer na lantarki tare da daidaita tsarin emulsification don cimma rabuwar bangarorin biyu. Wadannan jami'ai da ake amfani da su don cimma rushewar emulsification ana kiran su emulsion breakers.

    Babban Aikace-aikace

    Demulsifier wani abu ne na surfactant, wanda zai iya lalata tsarin tsarin emulsion-kamar ruwa, don cimma manufar emulsion a cikin rabuwa na matakai daban-daban. Danyen mai deemulsification yana nufin yin amfani da sinadarai na sakamako na emulsion mai karya wakili don barin mai da ruwa a cikin cakuda mai-ruwa mai emulsified don cimma manufar bushewar ɗanyen mai, don tabbatar da daidaitattun abubuwan ruwa na ɗanyen mai don waje. watsawa.
    Ingantacciyar rabuwar kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mai ruwa, daya daga cikin mafi sauki kuma mafi inganci hanyoyin shine amfani da demulsifier don kawar da emulsification don samar da ƙirar emulsified tare da wani ƙarfi don cimma rabuwar sassan biyu. Duk da haka, daban-daban demulsifier da daban-daban emulsion karya ikon ga kwayoyin lokaci, da kuma yi shi kai tsaye rinjayar biyu-lokaci rabuwa sakamako. A cikin aiwatar da samar da penicillin, hanya mai mahimmanci ita ce a fitar da penicillin daga broth na fermentation na penicillin tare da kaushi mai ƙarfi (kamar butyl acetate). Tun da fermentation broth ya ƙunshi hadaddun sunadarai, sugars, mycelium, da dai sauransu, da ke dubawa tsakanin kwayoyin da ruwayen ruwa bulan ba a sani ba a lokacin hakar, da emulsification yankin ne na wani tsanani, wanda yana da babban tasiri a kan yawan amfanin ƙasa na ƙãre kayayyakin.

    Demulsifier na gama-gari - Waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan demulsifier marasa ionic da aka saba amfani da su a filin mai.

    SP-type Demulsifier

    Babban bangaren SP-type emulsion breaker shine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, tsarin tsarin tsarin tsarin shine R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, inda: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic barasa; x, y, z-polymerization digiri.SP-type demulsifier yana da bayyanar haske mai launin rawaya mai haske, ƙimar HLB na 10 ~ 12, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Nau'in SP-nau'in da ba na ionic demulsifier yana da mafi kyawun sakamako mai lalacewa akan ɗanyen mai na tushen paraffin. Sashinsa na hydrophobic ya ƙunshi carbon 12 ~ 18 sarƙoƙi na hydrocarbon, kuma rukunin hydrophilic shine hydrophilic ta hanyar ayyukan hydroxyl (-OH) da ether (-O-) ƙungiyoyi a cikin kwayoyin halitta da ruwa don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen. Tun da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da ether suna da rauni na hydrophilic, kawai ɗaya ko biyu hydroxyl ko ƙungiyoyin ether ba za su iya cire rukunin hydrophobic na carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon sarkar cikin ruwa ba, dole ne a sami fiye da ɗaya irin wannan rukunin hydrophilic don cimma manufar solubility na ruwa. Mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halittar da ba na ionic demulsifier ba, mafi tsayin sarkar kwayoyin halitta, yawan hydroxyl da rukunin ether da ke cikinsa, mafi girman ikon jan shi, yana da ƙarfi da ikon lalata ɗanyen mai. Wani dalili kuma da ya sa SP demulsifier ya dace da ɗanyen mai na paraffin shine cewa ɗanyen mai na paraffin ya ƙunshi babu ko ɗan ɗanɗano da asphaltene, ƙarancin lipophilic surfactant abubuwa da ƙarancin ƙarancin dangi. Don danyen mai tare da babban danko da abun ciki na asphaltene (ko abun ciki na ruwa fiye da 20%), ikon lalata nau'in demulsifier na nau'in SP ya fi rauni saboda tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya, babu tsarin sarkar reshe da tsarin ƙanshi.

    Nau'in AP Demulsifier

    Type De Drassifier ne Polyoxypropropylene Polyether tare da Polyethypyethactant na da yawa na Kamfanin: EO) X (EO) X (EO) X (eo) PO - polyoxypropylene; R - barasa mai mai; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - digiri na polymerization.
    AP-nau'in tsarin demulsifier ga paraffin-tushen danyen mai demulsification, sakamako ne mafi alhẽri daga SP-type demulsifier, shi ne mafi dace da danyen mai ruwa abun ciki fiye da 20% na danyen mai demulsifier, kuma zai iya cimma m demulsifying sakamako a karkashin low zazzabi. yanayi. Idan demulsifier na nau'in SP ya daidaita kuma ya lalata emulsion a cikin 55 ~ 60 ℃ da 2h, nau'in demulsifier na AP kawai yana buƙatar daidaitawa da lalata emulsion a cikin 45 ~ 50 ℃ da 1.5h. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sifofin tsarin ƙwaya mai lalata nau'in AP. Mafarin polyethylene polyamine yana ƙayyade tsarin tsarin kwayar halitta: sarkar kwayar halitta tana da tsayi kuma tana da rassa, kuma ƙarfin hydrophilic ya fi na SP-type demulsifier tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya. Halayen sarkar rassa da yawa suna ƙayyade nau'in demulsifier na nau'in AP yana da babban wettability da yuwuwa, lokacin da ɗanyen mai ya lalata, ƙwayoyin AP-type na iya shiga cikin fim ɗin mu'amala da ruwan mai da sauri, fiye da nau'in SP-type demulsifier na tsaye. Shirye-shiryen fim na kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya ya mamaye mafi girman yanki, don haka ƙarancin sashi, tasirin emulsion yana bayyane. A halin yanzu, irin wannan nau'in demulsifier shine mafi kyawun abin da ba na ion ba da ake amfani dashi a filin mai na Daqing.

    Demulsifier nau'in AE

    Demulsifier nau'in AE shine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether tare da polyethylene polyamine azaman mai ƙaddamarwa, wanda shine nau'in reshe da yawa na nonionic surfactant. Idan aka kwatanta da demulsifier nau'in AP, bambancin shine nau'in demulsifier nau'in AE shine polymer mai mataki biyu tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da gajerun sarƙoƙi masu rassa. Tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine: D (PO) x (EO) yH, inda: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - digiri na polymerization. Ko da yake matakan kwayoyin halitta na AE-type demulsifier da AP-type demulsifier sun bambanta sosai, amma tsarin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya ne, kawai a cikin nau'in monomer da bambance-bambancen tsari na polymerization.
    (1) Demulsifier guda biyu marasa ionic a cikin ƙirar ƙira, kai da wutsiya na adadin kayan da aka yi amfani da su sun bambanta, wanda ya haifar da tsayin ƙwayoyin polymerization kuma sun bambanta.
    (2) AP-type demulsifier molecule is bipartite, tare da polyethylene polyamine a matsayin mai farawa, da kuma polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization don samar da toshe copolymers: AE-type demulsifier kwayoyin halitta ne bipartite, tare da polyethylene polyamine a matsayin mafari, da kuma polyoxyethylene forming polyoxyethylene polypropylene polypropylene. , don haka, ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar AP-type demulsifier ya kamata ya fi tsayi fiye da nau'in nau'in demulsifier na AE.
     

    Nau'in AE-tsari ne mai nau'i-nau'i-nau'i da yawa na ɗanyen mai demulsifier, wanda kuma ya dace da lalatawar ɗanyen mai na asphaltene. Mafi yawan abun ciki na surfactant lipophilic a cikin ɗanyen mai bituminous, ƙarfin ƙarfin danko, ƙaramin bambanci tsakanin mai da ruwa mai yawa, ba sauƙin lalata emulsion ba. Ana amfani da demulsifier na nau'in AE don lalata emulsion da sauri, kuma a lokaci guda, nau'in demulsifier na nau'in AE shine mafi kyawun rage danko mai kakin zuma. Saboda tsarin da ke da rassa da yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta, yana da sauƙin ƙirƙirar ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa, ta yadda lu'ulu'u ɗaya na paraffin da aka riga aka kafa a cikin ɗanyen mai su faɗi cikin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwar, suna hana motsin lu'ulu'u na paraffin kyauta kuma ba za su iya haɗawa da kowane ɗayan ba. wasu, samar da tsarin net na paraffin, rage danko da daskarewa batu na danyen mai da hana tara lu'ulu'u na kakin zuma, don haka cimma manufar anti-kakin zuma.

    Demulsifier nau'in AR

    AR-nau'in demulsifier an yi shi da resin alkyl phenolic (AR resin) da polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene da sabon nau'in demulsifier mai narkewa mai narkewa, ƙimar HLB na kusan 4 ~ 8, ƙarancin zafin jiki na 35 ~ 45 ℃. Tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine: AR (PO) x (EO) yH, inda: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR - guduro; x, y, z-digiri na polymerization.A cikin aiwatar da haɗar demulsifier, resin AR yana aiki azaman mai ƙaddamarwa kuma yana shiga cikin kwayoyin demulsifier don zama ƙungiyar lipophilic. Halayen AR-type demulsifier su ne: kwayoyin ba su da girma, a cikin hali na danyen mai solidification batu sama da 5 ℃ yana da kyau narkar da, yadawa, shigar da sakamako, m emulsified ruwa droplets flocculation, agglomeration. Yana iya cire fiye da 80% na ruwa daga danyen mai tare da abun ciki na ruwa na 50 % ~ 70 % a ƙasa 45 ℃ da 45 min don cire fiye da 80% na ruwa daga danyen mai tare da abun ciki na ruwa na 50 % zuwa 70 %, wanda ba ya misaltuwa da nau'in SP da nau'in AP-demulsifier.
    Lokacin aikawa: Maris 22-2022