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Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na surfactants sune ƙananan mahadi masu nauyin kwayoyin halitta tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na ɗari da yawa. Tare da batutuwa masu zafi da yawa irin su haɓaka mai dawo da mai bincike mai zurfi game da mai ɗaukar magunguna da sakin sarrafawa, ƙirar halitta, fim ɗin polymer LB, kayan aikin polymer na likitanci (anticoagulant), lotion polymerization, da dai sauransu, ya ƙara haɓakawa da buƙatun ayyuka masu girma don surfactants. Mahalli na polymer na surfactant sun zama mayar da hankali ga hankali.
Abubuwan da ke da nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na dubu da yawa ko fiye da kuma ayyukan saman ana yawanci ana kiransu da maɗaukakin nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Kama da talakawa surfactants, babu wani daidaitaccen tsarin rarrabuwa ga polymer surfactants. Dangane da rarrabuwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta bisa ga ionicity na ruwa, ana iya rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, da nau'ikan nonionic. Dangane da ko an kafa miceles a cikin maganin, ana iya raba shi zuwa sabulu da ruwa mai narkewa polymer surfactants.
Polysoap
Ana cajin mafi yawan sabulu, kama da polyelectrolytes. A zahiri, yawancin sabulun samfuran samfuran gyare-gyaren hydrophobic ne na polyelectrolytes kuma gabaɗaya ba su narkewa cikin ruwa. A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan sabulu da aka haɗa (inda R ke wakiltar dogon sarkar alkyl):
Ruwa mai narkewa polymer surfactant
Polymer surfactants waɗanda ba sa samar da micelles a cikin bayani gabaɗaya sulftants na polymer mai narkewa ne. Bisa ga tushen su, ana iya raba su zuwa nau'i uku: na halitta, Semi roba, da kuma na'ura mai kwakwalwa na polymer.
polymers na halitta kamar daban-daban na kowa itace gumis, starches, microbial fermented polysaccharides, da dai sauransu;
Semi roba polymers ne daban-daban polymers samu ta hanyar sinadaran gyara na sitaci, cellulose, da kuma gina jiki, kamar cationic sitaci, methyl cellulose, da dai sauransu;
Ana samun polymers na roba ta hanyar polymerizing monomers waɗanda aka samo daga petrochemicals, irin su polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, da dai sauransu.
Rarraba na Polymer Surfactants
Dangane da ionity na su a cikin ruwa, ana iya rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, da kuma nau'ikan da ba na ionic ba.
Anionic polymer surfactant
(1) Nau'in polymers na yau da kullun na carboxylic acid sun haɗa da polyacrylic acid da copolymers, butenoic acid da copolymers, acrylic acid maleic anhydride copolymers, da samfuran saponified su.
(2) Yawancin polymers na nau'in ester sulfate sun haɗa da:
(3) Nau'in Sulfonic acid
Wasu sulfonated polystyrene, benzenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, sulfonated polybutadiene, da dai sauransu Lignosulfonate ne kuma sulfonic acid irin polymer surfactant. Hannun sulfonic acid na tushen polymer surfactants sun haɗa da:
Cationic polymer surfactant
Amine salts ko polyamines kamar polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymaleimide, da abubuwan da suka samo asali. Yawancin polymers sun haɗa da:
(2) Gishirin ammonium na Quaternary
Irin su quaternized polyacrylamide, polyvinyl pyridine gishiri, polydimethylamine epichlorohydrin, da dai sauransu Quaternary ammonium polymer surfactants nuna cationic Properties a acidic, tsaka tsaki, da alkaline mai ruwa kafofin watsa labarai. Kayayyakin wakilci sun haɗa da:
Amphoteric polymer surfactant
Babban nau'ikan sun haɗa da acrylic vinyl pyridine copolymer, acrylic acid, cationic acrylic ester copolymer, amphoteric polyacrylamide, da sauransu, kamar:
Non ion polymer surfactants
Babban nau'ikan sun haɗa da barasa na polyvinyl da samfuran da aka ƙera su ko acetalized, irin su polyacrylamide da aka gyara, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyacrylate, polyether, polyethylene oxide propylene oxide, ruwa mai narkewa phenolic guduro, amino resin, da sauransu.
Tsari da Kaddarorin Abubuwan Ruwa na Polymer
Ayyukan sararin samaniya na polymer surfactants ya dogara ne akan ilimin halittar jiki na macromolecules a cikin bayani, wanda ke da alaka da tsarin sinadarai na amphiphilic, rabon abun da ke ciki, da nauyin kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta na macromolecules.
Toshe nau'in surfactant
Multi block hydrophobic segments ana rarraba a kan babban sarkar na macromolecules, da kuma dace tsawon hydrophobic hydrophilic jerin zai yadda ya kamata hana kai aggregation na hydrophobic segments (forming guda-molecule micelles) ko intermolecular aggregation (multi molecule aggregation).
Comb mai siffar surfactant
Comb siffa surfactants da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sauki shiri da bambancin iri. Ana iya samun abubuwan da ke sama ta hanyar homopolymerization ko haɗakarwa tsakanin jinsin biyu da na amphiphilic monomers. Dangane da matsayin ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic da hydrophilic, suna nuna nau'ikan sinadarai masu rassa daban-daban.
Saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic a kan sassan gefe, haɗuwa da haɗin gwiwar sassan hydrophobic suna hanawa. Ko da a cikin miceles da aka riga aka kafa, idan aka kwatanta da ƙwanƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, ciki yana da ɗan sako-sako kuma har yanzu yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin ruwa, don haka yana nuna babban aiki; A halin yanzu, saboda daidaitawa, rassan amphiphilic na iya hana ɗaurin manyan sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙungiyoyin methylene da methylene, suna ba su damar shiga tsaka-tsakin adsorption.
Bincike ya nuna cewa duk wani abu da ke ƙara haɓakar sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin halitta yayin da yake riƙe da solubility yana da amfani ga shimfidar macromolecules a cikin bayani kuma yana iya haɓaka aikin aikin polymers.
Aikace-aikace na Polymer Surfactants
Aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antar bugu da rini
Polyether tushen polymer surfactants yawanci amfani da matsayin low kumfa wanka, emulsifiers, dispersants, defoamers, antistatic jamiái, wetting jamiái, bugu da rini, da dai sauransu. Polyvinyl barasa da sauran macromolecular mahadi ana amfani da ko'ina a matsayin thickeners da m colloid a cikin shirye-shiryen da ruwan shafa fuska bugu da rini auxiliaries; Ana amfani da abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose irin su carboxymethyl cellulose a cikin kayan wankewa a matsayin magungunan anti fouling; Lignosulfonate da phenolic condensate sulfonate ana amfani dashi azaman masu rarrabawa don rini marasa narkewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-09-2025