Our main kayayyakin: Amino silicone, block silicone, hydrophilic silicone, duk su silicone emulsion, wetting shafa fastness inganta, ruwa repellent (Fluorine free, Carbon 6, Carbon 8), demin wanka sunadarai (ABS, Enzyme, Spandex kariya, Manganese cire)
Gabatarwa zuwa Surfactants
Surfactants suna da tsarin kwayoyin amphiphilic: ɗayan ƙarshen ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar hydrophilic, wanda ake magana da shi a matsayin shugaban hydrophilic, yayin da ɗayan ƙarshen ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar hydrophobic, wanda aka sani da wutsiyar hydrophobic. Shugaban hydrophilic yana ba da damar surfactants su narke cikin ruwa a cikin nau'in monomer ɗin su.
Ƙungiyar hydrophilic sau da yawa rukuni ne na polar, wanda zai iya zama ƙungiyar carboxyl (-COOH), ƙungiyar sulfonic acid (-SO3H), ƙungiyar amino (-NH2), amines da salts su, ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl (-OH), ƙungiyoyin amide, ko haɗin haɗin ether (-O-) a matsayin sauran misalai na ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic polar.
Ƙungiyar hydrophobic yawanci sarkar hydrocarbon ce mara iyaka, kamar sarƙoƙin alkyl na hydrophobic (R- na alkyl) ko ƙungiyoyin ƙamshi (Ar- na aryl).
Za a iya rarraba abubuwan da ke sama zuwa cikin surfactants na ionic (ciki har da cationic da anionic surfactants), wadanda ba na ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, gauraye surfactants, da sauransu. A cikin mafita na surfactant, lokacin da maida hankali na surfactant ya kai wani ƙima, ƙwayoyin surfactant za su samar da tarawar da aka ba da oda daban-daban waɗanda aka sani da micelles. Tsarin micellization, ko samuwar micelle, shine muhimmin mahimmancin ginshiƙan mafita na surfactant, kamar yadda yawancin mahimman abubuwan al'amuran tsaka-tsaki suna da alaƙa da samuwar micelles.
Matsakaicin abin da surfactants ke samar da micelles a cikin mafita ana kiransa Mahimmancin Hannun Micelle (CMC). Micelles ba a gyara su ba, sifofi masu siffar zobe; maimakon haka, suna nuna matsananciyar rashin daidaituwa da canje-canjen sifofi. Ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, surfactants kuma na iya nuna juyar da jihohin micelle.
Abubuwan Da Ke Tasirin CMC:
- Tsarin surfactant
- Nau'in da kasancewar additives
- Zazzabi
Mu'amala Tsakanin Surfactants da Proteins
Sunadaran sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin da ba na polar, polar, da chaji ba, kuma yawancin ƙwayoyin amphiphilic suna iya hulɗa da sunadaran ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Dangane da yanayi, surfactants na iya samar da tsarin tattara kwayoyin halitta tare da sifofi daban-daban, kamar micelles ko miceles na baya, waɗanda ke mu'amala daban da sunadaran.
Ma'amala tsakanin sunadaran da surfactants (Protein-Surfactant, PS) da farko sun haɗa da hulɗar electrostatic da hulɗar hydrophobic. Ionic surfactants suna hulɗa tare da sunadaran galibi ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na ƙungiyar polar da kuma hulɗar hydrophobic na sarkar carbon aliphatic, suna ɗaure ga yankin polar da hydrophobic na furotin, don haka suna samar da rukunin PS.
Masu surfactants marasa ionic da farko suna hulɗa tare da sunadaran ta hanyar ƙarfin hydrophobic, inda sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic ke hulɗa tare da yankunan hydrophobic na sunadaran. Yin hulɗa zai iya rinjayar duka tsari da aikin surfactant da furotin. Sabili da haka, nau'in da tattarawar surfactants, tare da mahallin muhalli, ƙayyade ko surfactants suna daidaitawa ko lalata sunadaran, da kuma ko suna inganta haɗuwa ko tarwatsawa.
Darajar HLB na Surfactants
Domin mai surfactant ya nuna aikin sa na musamman na tsaka-tsaki, dole ne ya daidaita abubuwan hydrophobic da hydrophilic. HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) ma'auni ne na ma'aunin hydrophilic-lipophilic na surfactants kuma yana aiki azaman mai nuni ga abubuwan hydrophilic na surfactants da hydrophobic.
Ƙimar HLB ƙimar dangi ce (daga 0 zuwa 40). Misali, paraffin yana da darajar HLB na 0 (babu bangaren hydrophilic), polyethylene glycol yana da ƙimar HLB na 20, kuma SDS mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (sodium dodecyl sulfate) yana da ƙimar HLB na 40. Ƙimar HLB na iya zama jagorar jagora lokacin zabar surfactants. Ƙimar HLB mafi girma yana nuna mafi kyawun yanayin ruwa, yayin da ƙananan ƙimar HLB yana nuna rashin ƙarancin ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-10-2024